In the name of God, the Gracious, the Merciful.
1. O people! Fear your Lord, who created you from a single soul, and created from it its mate, and propagated from them many men and women. And revere God whom you ask about, and the parents. Surely, God is Watchful over you.
2. And give orphans their properties, and do not substitute the bad for the good. And do not consume their properties by combining them with yours, for that would be a serious sin.
3. If you fear you cannot act fairly towards the orphans—then marry the women you like—two, or three, or four. But if you fear you will not be fair, then one, or what you already have. That makes it more likely that you avoid bias.
4. Give women their dowries graciously. But if they willingly forego some of it, then consume it with enjoyment and pleasure.
5. Do not give the immature your money which God has assigned to you for support. But provide for them from it, and clothe them, and speak to them with kind words.
6. Test the orphans until they reach the age of marriage. If you find them to be mature enough, hand over their properties to them. And do not consume it extravagantly or hastily before they grow up. The rich shall not charge any wage, but the poor may charge fairly. When you hand over their properties to them, have it witnessed for them. God suffices as a Reckoner.
7. Men receive a share of what their parents and relatives leave, and women receive a share of what their parents and relatives leave; be it little or much—a legal share.
8. If the distribution is attended by the relatives, and the orphans, and the needy, give them something out of it, and speak to them kindly.
9. Those who are concerned about the fate of their weak children, in case they leave them behind, should fear God, and speak appropriate words.
10. Those who consume the wealth of orphans illicitly consume only fire into their bellies; and they will roast in a Blaze.
11. God instructs you regarding your children: The male receives the equivalent of the share of two females. If they are daughters, more than two, they get two-thirds of what he leaves. If there is only one, she gets one-half. As for the parents, each gets one-sixth of what he leaves, if he had children. If he had no children, and his parents inherit from him, his mother gets one-third. If he has siblings, his mother gets one-sixth. After fulfilling any bequest and paying off debts. Your parents and your children—you do not know which are closer to you in welfare. This is God’s Law. God is Knowing and Judicious.
12. You get one-half of what your wives leave behind, if they had no children. If they had children, you get one-fourth of what they leave. After fulfilling any bequest and paying off debts. They get one-fourth of what you leave behind, if you have no children. If you have children, they get one-eighth of what you leave. After fulfilling any bequest and paying off debts. If a man or woman leaves neither parents nor children, but has a brother or sister, each of them gets one-sixth. If there are more siblings, they share one-third. After fulfilling any bequest and paying off debts, without any prejudice. This is a will from God. God is Knowing and Clement.
13. These are the bounds set by God. Whoever obeys God and His Messenger, He will admit him into Gardens beneath which rivers flow, to abide therein forever. That is the great attainment.
14. But whoever disobeys God and His Messenger, and oversteps His bounds, He will admit him into a Fire, wherein he abides forever, and he will have a shameful punishment.
15. Those of your women who commit lewdness, you must have four witnesses against them, from among you. If they testify, confine them to the homes until death claims them, or God makes a way for them.
16. If two men among you commit it, punish them both. But if they repent and reform, leave them alone. God is Redeemer, Full of Mercy.
17. Repentance is available from God for those who commit evil out of ignorance, and then repent soon after. These—God will relent towards them. God is Knowing and Wise.
18. But repentance is not available for those who commit evils, until when death approaches one of them, he says, “Now I repent,” nor for those who die as disbelievers. These—We have prepared for them a painful torment.
19. O you who believe! It is not permitted for you to inherit women against their will. And do not coerce them in order to take away some of what you had given them, unless they commit a proven adultery. And live with them in kindness. If you dislike them, it may be that you dislike something in which God has placed much good.
20. If you wish to replace one wife with another, and you have given one of them a fortune, take nothing back from it. Would you take it back fraudulently and sinfully?
21. And how can you take it back, when you have been intimate with one another, and they have received from you a solid commitment?
22. Do not marry women whom your fathers married, except what is already past. That is improper, indecent, and a bad custom.
23. Forbidden for you are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your paternal aunts, your maternal aunts, your brother’s daughters, your sister’s daughters, your foster-mothers who nursed you, your sisters through nursing, your wives’ mothers, and your stepdaughters in your guardianship—born of wives you have gone into—but if you have not gone into them, there is no blame on you. And the wives of your genetic sons, and marrying two sisters simultaneously. Except what is past. God is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
24. And all married women, except those you rightfully possess. This is God’s decree, binding upon you. Permitted for you are those that lie outside these limits, provided you seek them in legal marriage, with gifts from your property, seeking wedlock, not prostitution. If you wish to enjoy them, then give them their dowry—a legal obligation. You commit no error by agreeing to any change to the dowry. God is All-Knowing, Most Wise.
25. If any of you lack the means to marry free believing women, he may marry one of the believing maids under your control. God is well aware of your faith. You are from one another. Marry them with the permission of their guardians, and give them their recompense fairly—to be protected—neither committing adultery, nor taking secret lovers. When they are married, if they commit adultery, their punishment shall be half that of free women. That is for those among you who fear falling into decadence. But to practice self-restraint is better for you. God is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful.
26. God intends to make things clear to you, and to guide you in the ways of those before you, and to redeem you. God is Most Knowing, Most Wise.
27. God intends to redeem you, but those who follow their desires want you to turn away utterly.
28. God intends to lighten your burden, for the human being was created weak.
29. O you who believe! Do not consume each other’s wealth illicitly, but trade by mutual consent. And do not kill yourselves, for God is Merciful towards you.
30. Whoever does that, out of hostility and wrongdoing, We will cast him into a Fire. And that would be easy for God.
31. If you avoid the worst of what you are forbidden, We will remit your sins, and admit you by a Gate of Honor.
32. Do not covet what God has given to some of you in preference to others. For men is a share of what they have earned, and for women is a share of what they have earned. And ask God of his bounty. God has knowledge of everything.
33. To everyone We have assigned beneficiaries in what is left by parents and relatives. Those with whom you have made an agreement, give them their share. God is Witness over all things.
34. Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, as God has given some of them an advantage over others, and because they spend out of their wealth. The good women are obedient, guarding what God would have them guard. As for those from whom you fear disloyalty, admonish them, and abandon them in their beds, then strike them. But if they obey you, seek no way against them. God is Sublime, Great.
35. If you fear a breach between the two, appoint an arbiter from his family and an arbiter from her family. If they wish to reconcile, God will bring them together. God is Knowledgeable, Expert.
36. Worship God, and ascribe no partners to Him, and be good to the parents, and the relatives, and the orphans, and the poor, and the neighbor next door, and the distant neighbor, and the close associate, and the traveler, and your servants. God does not love the arrogant showoff.
37. Those who are stingy, and exhort people to stinginess, and conceal what God has given them from His bounty. We have prepared for the disbelievers a disgraceful punishment.
38. And those who spend their money to be seen by people, and believe neither in God nor in the Last Day. Whoever has Satan as a companion—what an evil companion.
39. What would they have lost, had they believed in God and the Last Day, and gave out of what God has provided for them? God knows them very well.
40. God does not commit an atom’s weight of injustice; and if there is a good deed, He doubles it, and gives from His Presence a sublime compensation.
41. Then how will it be, when We bring a witness from every community, and We bring you as a witness against these?
42. On that Day, those who disbelieved and disobeyed the Messenger will wish that the earth were leveled over them. They will conceal nothing from God.
43. O you who believe! Do not approach the prayer while you are drunk, so that you know what you say; nor after sexual orgasm—unless you are travelling—until you have bathed. If you are sick, or traveling, or one of you comes from the toilet, or you have had intercourse with women, and cannot find water, find clean sand and wipe your faces and your hands with it. God is Pardoning and Forgiving.
44. Have you not considered those who were given a share of the Book? They buy error, and wish you would lose the way.
45. But God knows your enemies best. God is sufficient as a Protector, and God is sufficient as a Supporter.
46. Among the Jews are some who take words out of context, and say, “We hear and we disobey”, and “Hear without listening”, and “Observe us,” twisting with their tongues and slandering the religion. Had they said, “We hear and we obey”, and “Listen”, and “Give us your attention,” it would have been better for them, and more upright. But God has cursed them for their disbelief; they do not believe except a little.
47. O you who were given the Book! Believe in what We sent down, confirming what you have, before We obliterate faces and turn them inside out, or curse them as We cursed the Sabbath-breakers. The command of God is always done.
48. God does not forgive association with Him, but He forgives anything less than that to whomever He wills. Whoever associates anything with God has devised a monstrous sin.
49. Have you not considered those who claim purity for themselves? Rather, God purifies whom He wills, and they will not be wronged a whit.
50. See how they devise lies against God. That alone is an outright sin.
51. Have you not considered those who were given a share of the Book? They believe in superstition and evil powers, and say of those who disbelieve, “These are better guided on the way than the believers.”
52. Those are they whom God has cursed. Whomever God curses, you will find no savior for him.
53. Or do they own a share of the kingdom? Then they would not give people a speck.
54. Or do they envy the people for what God has given them of His grace? We have given the family of Abraham the Book and wisdom, and We have given them a great kingdom.
55. Among them are those who believed in it, and among them are those who held back from it. Hell is a sufficient Inferno.
56. Those who reject Our revelations—We will scorch them in a Fire. Every time their skins are cooked, We will replace them with other skins, so they will experience the suffering. God is Most Powerful, Most Wise.
57. As for those who believe and do good deeds, We will admit them into Gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever. They will have purified spouses therein, and We will admit them into a shady shade.
58. God instructs you to give back things entrusted to you to their owners. And when you judge between people, judge with justice. God’s instructions to you are excellent. God is All-Hearing, All-Seeing.
59. O you who believe! Obey God and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you. And if you dispute over anything, refer it to God and the Messenger, if you believe in God and the Last Day. That is best, and a most excellent determination.
60. Have you not observed those who claim that they believe in what was revealed to you, and in what was revealed before you, yet they seek Satanic sources for legislation, in spite of being commanded to reject them? Satan means to mislead them far away.
61. And when it is said to them, “Come to what God has revealed, and to the Messenger,” you see the hypocrites shunning you completely.
62. How about when a disaster strikes them because what their hands have put forward, and then they come to you swearing by God: “We only intended goodwill and reconciliation”?
63. They are those whom God knows what is in their hearts. So ignore them, and admonish them, and say to them concerning themselves penetrating words.
64. We did not send any messenger except to be obeyed by God’s leave. Had they, when they wronged themselves, come to you, and prayed for God’s forgiveness, and the Messenger had prayed for their forgiveness, they would have found God Relenting and Merciful.
65. But no, by your Lord, they will not believe until they call you to arbitrate in their disputes, and then find within themselves no resentment regarding your decisions, and submit themselves completely.
66. Had We decreed for them: “Kill yourselves,” or “Leave your homes,” they would not have done it, except for a few of them. But had they done what they were instructed to do, it would have been better for them, and a firmer confirmation.
67. And We would have given them from Our presence a rich compensation.
68. And We would have guided them on a straight path.
69. Whoever obeys God and the Messenger—these are with those whom God has blessed—among the prophets, and the sincere, and the martyrs, and the upright. Excellent are those as companions.
70. That is the grace from God. God suffices as Knower.
71. O you who believe! Take your precautions, and mobilize in groups, or mobilize altogether.
72. Among you is he who lags behind. Then, when a calamity befalls you, he says, “God has favored me, that I was not martyred with them.”
73. But when some bounty from God comes to you, he says—as if no affection existed between you and him—“If only I had been with them, I would have achieved a great victory.”
74. Let those who sell the life of this world for the Hereafter fight in the cause of God. Whoever fights in the cause of God, and then is killed, or achieves victory, We will grant him a great compensation.
75. And why would you not fight in the cause of God, and the helpless men, and women, and children, cry out, “Our Lord, deliver us from this town whose people are oppressive, and appoint for us from Your Presence a Protector, and appoint for us from Your Presence a Victor.”
76. Those who believe fight in the cause of God, while those who disbelieve fight in the cause of Evil. So fight the allies of the Devil. Surely the strategy of the Devil is weak.
77. Have you not considered those who were told, “Restrain your hands, and perform your prayers, and spend in regular charity”? But when fighting was ordained for them, a faction of them feared the people as God is ought to be feared, or even more. And they said, “Our Lord, why did You ordain fighting for us? If only You would postpone it for us for a short while.” Say, “The enjoyments of this life are brief, but the Hereafter is better for the righteous, and you will not be wronged one bit.”
78. Wherever you may be, death will catch up with you, even if you were in fortified towers. When a good fortune comes their way, they say, “This is from God.” But when a misfortune befalls them, they say, “This is from you.” Say, “All is from God.” So what is the matter with these people, that they hardly understand a thing?
79. Whatever good happens to you is from God, and whatever bad happens to you is from your own self. We sent you to humanity as a messenger, and God is Witness enough.
80. Whoever obeys the Messenger is obeying God. And whoever turns away—We did not send you as a watcher over them.
81. They profess obedience, but when they leave your presence, some of them conspire something contrary to what you said. But God writes down what they conspire. So avoid them, and put your trust in God. God is Guardian enough.
82. Do they not ponder the Quran? Had it been from any other than God, they would have found in it much discrepancy.
83. When some news of security or alarm comes their way, they broadcast it. But had they referred it to the Messenger, and to those in authority among them, those who can draw conclusions from it would have comprehended it. Were it not for God’s blessing and mercy upon you, you would have followed the Devil, except for a few.
84. So fight in the cause of God; you are responsible only for yourself. And rouse the believers. Perhaps God will restrain the might of those who disbelieve. God is Stronger in Might, and More Punishing.
85. Whoever intercedes for a good cause has a share in it, and whoever intercedes for an evil cause shares in its burdens. God keeps watch over everything.
86. When you are greeted with a greeting, respond with a better greeting, or return it. God keeps count of everything.
87. God—there is no god except He. He will gather you to the Day of Resurrection, in which there is no doubt. And who speaks more truly than God?
88. What is the matter with you, divided into two factions regarding the hypocrites, when God Himself has overwhelmed them on account of what they did? Do you want to guide those whom God has led astray? Whomever God leads astray—you will never find for him a way.
89. They would love to see you disbelieve, just as they disbelieve, so you would become equal. So do not befriend any of them, unless they emigrate in the way of God. If they turn away, seize them and execute them wherever you may find them; and do not take from among them allies or supporters.
90. Except those who join people with whom you have a treaty, or those who come to you reluctant to fight you or fight their own people. Had God willed, He would have given them power over you, and they would have fought you. If they withdraw from you, and do not fight you, and offer you peace, then God assigns no excuse for you against them.
91. You will find others who want security from you, and security from their own people. But whenever they are tempted into civil discord, they plunge into it. So if they do not withdraw from you, nor offer you peace, nor restrain their hands, seize them and execute them wherever you find them. Against these, We have given you clear authorization.
92. Never should a believer kill another believer, unless by error. Anyone who kills a believer by error must set free a believing slave, and pay compensation to the victim’s family, unless they remit it as charity. If the victim belonged to a people who are hostile to you, but is a believer, then the compensation is to free a believing slave. If he belonged to a people with whom you have a treaty, then compensation should be handed over to his family, and a believing slave set free. Anyone who lacks the means must fast for two consecutive months, by way of repentance to God. God is All-Knowing, Most Wise.
93. Whoever kills a believer deliberately, the penalty for him is Hell, where he will remain forever. And God will be angry with him, and will curse him, and will prepare for him a terrible punishment.
94. O you who believe! When you journey in the way of God, investigate, and do not say to him who offers you peace, “You are not a believer,” aspiring for the goods of this world. With God are abundant riches. You yourselves were like this before, and God bestowed favor on you; so investigate. God is well aware of what you do.
95. Not equal are the inactive among the believers—except the disabled—and the strivers in the cause of God with their possessions and their persons. God prefers the strivers with their possessions and their persons above the inactive, by a degree. But God has promised goodness to both. Yet God favors the strivers, over the inactive, with a great reward.
96. Degrees from Him, and forgiveness, and mercy. God is Forgiving and Merciful.
97. While the angels are removing the souls of those who have wronged themselves, they will say, “What was the matter with you?” They will say, “We were oppressed in the land.” They will say, “Was God’s earth not vast enough for you to emigrate in it?” These—their refuge is Hell. What a wretched retreat!
98. Except for the weak among men, and women, and children who have no means to act, and no means to find a way out.
99. These—God may well pardon them. God is Pardoning and Forgiving.
100. Anyone who emigrates for the sake of God will find on earth many places of refuge, and plentitude. Anyone who leaves his home, emigrating to God and His Messenger, and then is overtaken by death, his compensation falls on God. God is Forgiver, Most Merciful.
101. When you travel in the land, there is no blame on you for shortening the prayers, if you fear that the disbelievers may harm you. The disbelievers are your manifest enemies.
102. When you are among them, and you stand to lead them in prayer, let a group of them stand with you, and let them hold their weapons. Then, when they have done their prostrations, let them withdraw to the rear, and let another group, that have not prayed yet, come forward and pray with you; and let them take their precautions and their weapons. Those who disbelieve would like you to neglect your weapons and your equipment, so they can attack you in a single assault. You commit no error, if you are hampered by rain or are sick, by putting down your weapons; but take precautions. Indeed, God has prepared for the disbelievers a demeaning punishment.
103. When you have completed the prayer, remember God, standing, or sitting, or on your sides. And when you feel secure, perform the prayer. The prayer is obligatory for believers at specific times.
104. And do not falter in the pursuit of the enemy. If you are aching, they are aching as you are aching, but you expect from God what they cannot expect. God is Knowledgeable and Wise.
105. We have revealed to you the Scripture, with the truth, so that you judge between people in accordance with what God has shown you. And do not be an advocate for the traitors.
106. And ask God for forgiveness. God is Forgiver and Merciful.
107. And do not argue on behalf of those who deceive themselves. God does not love the deceitful sinner.
108. They hide from the people, but they cannot hide from God. He is with them, as they plot by night with words He does not approve. God comprehends what they do.
109. There you are, arguing on their behalf in the present life, but who will argue with God on their behalf on the Day of Resurrection? Or who will be their representative?
110. Whoever commits evil, or wrongs his soul, then implores God for forgiveness, will find God Forgiving and Merciful.
111. And Whoever earns a sin, earns it against himself. God is Aware and Wise.
112. And whoever commits a mistake, or a sin, and then blames it on an innocent person, has taken a slander and a clear sin.
113. Were it not for God’s grace towards you, and His mercy, a faction of them would have managed to mislead you. But they only mislead themselves, and they cannot harm you in any way. God has revealed to you the Scripture and wisdom, and has taught you what you did not know. God’s goodness towards you is great.
114. There is no good in much of their private counsels, except for him who advocates charity, or kindness, or reconciliation between people. Whoever does that, seeking God’s approval, We will give him a great compensation.
115. Whoever makes a breach with the Messenger, after the guidance has become clear to him, and follows other than the path of the believers, We will direct him in the direction he has chosen, and commit him to Hell—what a terrible destination!
116. God will not forgive that partners be associated with Him; but will forgive anything less than that, to whomever He wills. Anyone who ascribes partners to God has strayed into far error.
117. They invoke in His stead only females. In fact, they invoke none but a rebellious devil.
118. God has cursed him. And he said, “I will take to myself my due share of Your servants.”
119. “And I will mislead them, and I will entice them, and I will prompt them to slit the ears of cattle, and I will prompt them to alter the creation of God.” Whoever takes Satan as a lord, instead of God, has surely suffered a profound loss.
120. He promises them, and he raises their expectations, but Satan promises them nothing but delusions.
121. These—their place is Hell, and they will find no escape from it.
122. But as for those who believe and do righteous deeds, We will admit them into gardens beneath which rivers flow, where they will abide forever. The promise of God is true—and who is more truthful in speech than God?
123. It is not in accordance with your wishes, nor in accordance with the wishes of the People of the Scripture. Whoever works evil will pay for it, and will not find for himself, besides God, any protector or savior.
124. But whoever works righteousness, whether male or female, and is a believer—those will enter Paradise, and will not be wronged a whit.
125. And who is better in religion than he who submits himself wholly to God, and is a doer of good, and follows the faith of Abraham the Monotheist? God has chosen Abraham for a friend.
126. To God belongs what is in the heavens and what is on earth, and God encompasses everything.
127. They ask you for a ruling about women. Say, “God gives you a ruling about them, and so does what is stated to you in the Book about widowed women from whom you withhold what is decreed for them, yet you desire to marry them, and about helpless children: that you should treat the orphans fairly.” Whatever good you do, God knows it.
128. If a woman fears maltreatment or desertion from her husband, there is no fault in them if they reconcile their differences, for reconciliation is best. Souls are prone to avarice; yet if you do what is good, and practice piety—God is Cognizant of what you do.
129. You will not be able to treat women with equal fairness, no matter how much you desire it. But do not be so biased as to leave another suspended. If you make amends, and act righteously—God is Forgiving and Merciful.
130. And if they separate, God will enrich each from His abundance. God is Bounteous and Wise.
131. To God belongs everything in the heavens and everything on earth. We have instructed those who were given the Book before you, and you, to be conscious of God. But if you refuse—to God belongs everything in the heavens and everything on earth. God is in no need, Praiseworthy.
132. To God belongs everything in the heavens and everything on earth. God suffices as Manager.
133. If He wills, He can do away with you, O people, and bring others. God is Able to do that.
134. Whoever desires the reward of this world—with God is the reward of this world and the next. God is All-Hearing, All-Seeing.
135. O you who believe! Stand firmly for justice, as witnesses to God, even if against yourselves, or your parents, or your relatives. Whether one is rich or poor, God takes care of both. So do not follow your desires, lest you swerve. If you deviate, or turn away—then God is Aware of what you do.
136. O you who believe! Believe in God and His messenger, and the Book He sent down to His messenger, and the Book He sent down before. Whoever rejects God, His angels, His Books, His messengers, and the Last Day, has strayed far in error.
137. Those who believe, then disbelieve, then believe, then disbelieve, then increase in disbelief, God will not forgive them, nor will He guide them to a way.
138. Inform the hypocrites that they will have a painful punishment.
139. Those who ally themselves with the disbelievers instead of the believers. Do they seek glory in them? All glory belongs to God.
140. He has revealed to you in the Book that when you hear God’s revelations being rejected, or ridiculed, do not sit with them until they engage in some other subject. Otherwise, you would be like them. God will gather the hypocrites and the disbelievers, into Hell, altogether.
141. Those who lie in wait for you: if you attain victory from God, they say, “Were we not with you?” But if the disbelievers get a turn, they say, “Did we not side with you, and defend you from the believers?” God will judge between you on the Day of Resurrection; and God will give the disbelievers no means of overcoming the believers.
142. The hypocrites try to deceive God, but He is deceiving them. And when they stand for prayer, they stand lazily, showing off in front of people, and remembering God only a little.
143. Wavering in between, neither with these, nor with those. Whomever God sends astray, you will never find for him a way.
144. O you who believe! Do not befriend disbelievers rather than believers. Do you want to give God a clear case against you?
145. The hypocrites will be in the lowest level of the Fire, and you will find no helper for them.
146. Except those who repent, and reform, and hold fast to God, and dedicate their religion to God alone. These are with the believers; and God will give the believers a great reward.
147. What would God accomplish by your punishment, if you have given thanks, and have believed? God is Appreciative and Cognizant.
148. God does not like the public uttering of bad language, unless someone was wronged. God is Hearing and Knowing.
149. If you let a good deed be shown, or conceal it, or pardon an offense—God is Pardoning and Capable.
150. Those who disbelieve in God and His messengers, and want to separate between God and His messengers, and say, “We believe in some, and reject some,” and wish to take a path in between.
151. These are the unbelievers, truly. We have prepared for the unbelievers a shameful punishment.
152. As for those who believe in God and His messengers, and make no distinction between any of them—He will give them their rewards. God is Forgiver and Merciful.
153. The People of the Scripture challenge you to bring down to them a book from the sky. They had asked Moses for something even greater. They said, “Show us God plainly.” The thunderbolt struck them for their wickedness. Then they took the calf for worship, even after the clear proofs had come to them. Yet We pardoned that, and We gave Moses a clear authority.
154. And We raised the Mount above them in accordance with their covenant, and We said to them, “Enter the gate humbly”, and We said to them, “Do not violate the Sabbath”, and We received from them a solemn pledge.
155. But for their violation of their covenant, and their denial of God’s revelations, and their killing of the prophets unjustly, and their saying, “Our minds are closed.” In fact, God has sealed them for their disbelief, so they do not believe, except for a few.
156. And for their faithlessness, and their saying against Mary a monstrous slander.
157. And for their saying, “We have killed the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, the Messenger of God.” In fact, they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him, but it appeared to them as if they did. Indeed, those who differ about him are in doubt about it. They have no knowledge of it, except the following of assumptions. Certainly, they did not kill him.
158. Rather, God raised him up to Himself. God is Mighty and Wise.
159. There is none from the People of the Scripture but will believe in him before his death, and on the Day of Resurrection he will be a witness against them.
160. Due to wrongdoing on the part of the Jews, We forbade them good things that used to be lawful for them; and for deterring many from God’s path.
161. And for their taking usury, although they were forbidden it; and for their consuming people’s wealth dishonestly. We have prepared for the faithless among them a painful torment.
162. But those among them firmly rooted in knowledge, and the believers, believe in what was revealed to you, and in what was revealed before you; and the observers of prayers, and the givers of charity, and the believers in God and the Last Day—upon these We will bestow an immense reward.
163. We have inspired you, as We had inspired Noah and the prophets after him. And We inspired Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the Patriarchs, and Jesus, and Job, and Jonah, and Aaron, and Solomon. And We gave David the Psalms.
164. Some messengers We have already told you about, while some messengers We have not told you about. And God spoke to Moses directly.
165. Messengers delivering good news, and bringing warnings; so that people may have no excuse before God after the coming of the messengers. God is Powerful and Wise.
166. But God bears witness to what He revealed to you. He revealed it with His knowledge. And the angels bear witness. Though God is a sufficient witness.
167. Those who disbelieve and repel from God’s path have gone far astray.
168. Those who disbelieve and transgress; God is not about to forgive them, nor will He guide them to any path.
169. Except to the path of Hell, where they will dwell forever. And that is easy for God.
170. O people! The Messenger has come to you with the truth from your Lord, so believe—that is best for you. But if you disbelieve, to God belongs everything in the heavens and the earth. God is Omniscient and Wise.
171. O People of the Scripture! Do not exaggerate in your religion, and do not say about God except the truth. The Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, is the Messenger of God, and His Word that He conveyed to Mary, and a Spirit from Him. So believe in God and His messengers, and do not say, “Three.” Refrain—it is better for you. God is only one God. Glory be to Him—that He should have a son. To Him belongs everything in the heavens and the earth, and God is a sufficient Protector.
172. The Messiah does not disdain to be a servant of God, nor do the favored angels. Whoever disdains His worship, and is too arrogant—He will round them up to Himself altogether.
173. But as for those who believe and do good works, He will pay them their wages in full, and will increase His grace for them. But as for those who disdain and are too proud, He will punish them with an agonizing punishment. And they will find for themselves, apart from God, no lord and no savior.
174. O people! A proof has come to you from your Lord, and We sent down to you a clear light.
175. As for those who believe in God, and hold fast to Him, He will admit them into mercy and grace from Him, and will guide them to Himself in a straight path.
176. They ask you for a ruling. Say, “God gives you a ruling concerning the person who has neither parents nor children.” If a man dies, and leaves no children, and he had a sister, she receives one-half of what he leaves. And he inherits from her if she leaves no children. But if there are two sisters, they receive two-thirds of what he leaves. If the siblings are men and women, the male receives the share of two females.” God makes things clear for you, lest you err. God is Aware of everything.
- يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
- O
- ٱلنَّاسُ
- mankind!
- ٱتَّقُوا۟
- Fear
- رَبَّكُمُ
- your Lord
- ٱلَّذِى
- the One Who
- خَلَقَكُم
- created you
- مِّن
- from
- نَّفْسٍ
- a soul
- وَٰحِدَةٍ
- single
- وَخَلَقَ
- and created
- مِنْهَا
- from it
- زَوْجَهَا
- its mate
- وَبَثَّ
- and dispersed
- مِنْهُمَا
- from both of them
- رِجَالًا
- men
- كَثِيرًا
- many
- وَنِسَآءً
- and women.
- وَٱتَّقُوا۟
- And fear
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- ٱلَّذِى
- (through) Whom
- تَسَآءَلُونَ
- you ask
- بِهِۦ
- [with it]
- وَٱلْأَرْحَامَ
- and the wombs.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- كَانَ
- is
- عَلَيْكُمْ
- over you
- رَقِيبًا
- Ever-Watchful.
- وَءَاتُوا۟
- And give
- ٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰٓ
- (to) the orphans
- أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ
- their wealth,
- وَلَا
- and (do) not
- تَتَبَدَّلُوا۟
- exchange
- ٱلْخَبِيثَ
- the bad
- بِٱلطَّيِّبِ
- with the good,
- تَأْكُلُوٓا۟
- consume
- أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ
- their wealth
- إِلَىٰٓ
- with
- أَمْوَٰلِكُمْ
- your wealth.
- إِنَّهُۥ
- Indeed, it
- كَانَ
- is
- حُوبًا
- a sin
- كَبِيرًا
- great.
- وَإِنْ
- And if
- خِفْتُمْ
- you fear
- أَلَّا
- that not
- تُقْسِطُوا۟
- you will be able to do justice
- فِى
- with
- ٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ
- the orphans,
- فَٱنكِحُوا۟
- then marry
- مَا
- what
- طَابَ
- seems suitable
- لَكُم
- to you
- مِّنَ
- from
- ٱلنِّسَآءِ
- the women
- مَثْنَىٰ
- two,
- وَثُلَٰثَ
- or three,
- وَرُبَٰعَ
- or four.
- فَإِنْ
- But if
- تَعْدِلُوا۟
- you can do justice
- فَوَٰحِدَةً
- then (marry) one
- أَوْ
- or
- مَلَكَتْ
- possesses
- أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ
- your right hand.
- ذَٰلِكَ
- That
- أَدْنَىٰٓ
- (is) more appropriate
- أَلَّا
- that (may) not
- تَعُولُوا۟
- you oppress.
- وَءَاتُوا۟
- And give
- ٱلنِّسَآءَ
- the women
- صَدُقَٰتِهِنَّ
- their dower
- نِحْلَةً
- graciously.
- فَإِن
- But if
- طِبْنَ
- they remit
- لَكُمْ
- to you
- عَن
- of
- شَىْءٍ
- anything
- مِّنْهُ
- of it
- نَفْسًا
- (on their) own,
- فَكُلُوهُ
- then eat it
- هَنِيٓـًٔا
- (in) satisfaction
- مَّرِيٓـًٔا
- (and) ease.
- وَلَا
- And (do) not
- تُؤْتُوا۟
- give
- ٱلسُّفَهَآءَ
- the foolish
- أَمْوَٰلَكُمُ
- your wealth
- ٱلَّتِى
- which
- جَعَلَ
- (was) made
- ٱللَّهُ
- (by) Allah
- لَكُمْ
- for you
- قِيَٰمًا
- a means of support
- وَٱرْزُقُوهُمْ
- (but) provide (for) them
- فِيهَا
- with it
- وَٱكْسُوهُمْ
- and clothe them
- وَقُولُوا۟
- and speak
- لَهُمْ
- to them
- قَوْلًا
- words
- مَّعْرُوفًا
- (of) kindness.
- وَٱبْتَلُوا۟
- And test
- ٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ
- the orphans
- حَتَّىٰٓ
- until
- إِذَا
- [when]
- بَلَغُوا۟
- they reach[ed]
- ٱلنِّكَاحَ
- (the age of) marriage,
- فَإِنْ
- then if
- ءَانَسْتُم
- you perceive
- مِّنْهُمْ
- in them
- رُشْدًا
- sound judgement
- فَٱدْفَعُوٓا۟
- then deliver
- إِلَيْهِمْ
- to them
- أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ
- their wealth.
- وَلَا
- And (do) not
- تَأْكُلُوهَآ
- eat it
- إِسْرَافًا
- extravagantly
- وَبِدَارًا
- and hastily
- أَن
- (fearing) that
- يَكْبَرُوا۟
- they will grow up.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- كَانَ
- is
- غَنِيًّا
- rich
- فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ
- then he should refrain,
- فَقِيرًا
- poor
- فَلْيَأْكُلْ
- then let him eat (of it)
- بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ
- in a fair manner.
- فَإِذَا
- Then when
- دَفَعْتُمْ
- you deliver
- أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ
- their wealth
- فَأَشْهِدُوا۟
- then take witnesses
- عَلَيْهِمْ
- on them.
- وَكَفَىٰ
- And is sufficient
- بِٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- حَسِيبًا
- (as) a Reckoner.
- لِّلرِّجَالِ
- For the men
- نَصِيبٌ
- a portion
- مِّمَّا
- of what
- تَرَكَ
- (is) left
- ٱلْوَٰلِدَانِ
- (by) the parents,
- وَٱلْأَقْرَبُونَ
- and the near relatives
- وَلِلنِّسَآءِ
- and for the women
- ٱلْوَٰلِدَانِ
- (by) parents
- مِمَّا
- of what
- قَلَّ
- (is) little
- مِنْهُ
- of it
- أَوْ
- or
- كَثُرَ
- much –
- نَصِيبًا
- a portion
- مَّفْرُوضًا
- obligatory.
- وَإِذَا
- And when
- حَضَرَ
- present
- ٱلْقِسْمَةَ
- (at) the (time of) division
- أُو۟لُوا۟
- (of)
- ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ
- the relatives
- وَٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ
- and the orphans
- وَٱلْمَسَٰكِينُ
- and the poor,
- فَٱرْزُقُوهُم
- then provide them
- مِّنْهُ
- from it
- وَقُولُوا۟
- and speak
- لَهُمْ
- to them
- قَوْلًا
- words
- مَّعْرُوفًا
- (of) kindness.
- وَلْيَخْشَ
- And let fear –
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who,
- لَوْ
- if
- تَرَكُوا۟
- they left
- مِنْ
- from
- خَلْفِهِمْ
- behind
- ذُرِّيَّةً
- offspring
- ضِعَٰفًا
- weak
- خَافُوا۟
- (and) they would have feared
- عَلَيْهِمْ
- about them.
- فَلْيَتَّقُوا۟
- So let them fear
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- وَلْيَقُولُوا۟
- and let them speak
- قَوْلًا
- words
- سَدِيدًا
- appropriate.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- يَأْكُلُونَ
- consume
- أَمْوَٰلَ
- wealth
- ٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ
- (of) the orphans
- ظُلْمًا
- wrongfully,
- إِنَّمَا
- only
- يَأْكُلُونَ
- they consume
- فِى
- in
- بُطُونِهِمْ
- their bellies
- نَارًا
- fire,
- وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ
- and they will be burned
- سَعِيرًا
- (in) a Blazing Fire.
- يُوصِيكُمُ
- Instructs you
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- فِىٓ
- concerning
- أَوْلَٰدِكُمْ
- your children –
- لِلذَّكَرِ
- for the male
- مِثْلُ
- like
- حَظِّ
- (the) portion
- ٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِ
- (of) two females.
- فَإِن
- But if
- كُنَّ
- there are
- نِسَآءً
- (only) women
- فَوْقَ
- more (than)
- ٱثْنَتَيْنِ
- two,
- فَلَهُنَّ
- then for them
- ثُلُثَا
- two thirds
- مَا
- (of) what
- تَرَكَ
- he left.
- وَإِن
- And if
- كَانَتْ
- (there) is
- وَٰحِدَةً
- (only) one,
- فَلَهَا
- then for her
- ٱلنِّصْفُ
- (is) half.
- وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ
- And for his parents,
- لِكُلِّ
- for each
- وَٰحِدٍ
- one
- مِّنْهُمَا
- of them
- ٱلسُّدُسُ
- a sixth
- مِمَّا
- of what
- تَرَكَ
- (is) left,
- إِن
- if
- كَانَ
- is
- لَهُۥ
- for him
- وَلَدٌ
- a child.
- لَّمْ
- not
- يَكُن
- is
- لَّهُۥ
- for him
- وَلَدٌ
- any child
- وَوَرِثَهُۥٓ
- and inherit[ed] him
- أَبَوَاهُ
- his parents,
- فَلِأُمِّهِ
- then for his mother
- ٱلثُّلُثُ
- (is) one third.
- فَإِن
- And if
- كَانَ
- are
- لَهُۥٓ
- for him
- إِخْوَةٌ
- brothers and sisters,
- ٱلسُّدُسُ
- (is) the sixth
- مِنۢ
- from
- بَعْدِ
- after
- وَصِيَّةٍ
- any will
- يُوصِى
- he has made
- بِهَآ
- [of which]
- أَوْ
- or
- دَيْنٍ
- any debt.
- ءَابَآؤُكُمْ
- Your parents
- وَأَبْنَآؤُكُمْ
- and your children –
- لَا
- not
- تَدْرُونَ
- you know
- أَيُّهُمْ
- which of them
- أَقْرَبُ
- (is) nearer
- لَكُمْ
- to you
- نَفْعًا
- (in) benefit.
- فَرِيضَةً
- An obligation
- مِّنَ
- from
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- عَلِيمًا
- All-Knowing,
- حَكِيمًا
- All-Wise.
- وَلَكُمْ
- And for you
- نِصْفُ
- (is) half
- مَا
- (of) what
- تَرَكَ
- (is) left
- أَزْوَٰجُكُمْ
- by your wives
- إِن
- if
- لَّمْ
- not
- يَكُن
- is
- لَّهُنَّ
- for them
- وَلَدٌ
- a child.
- فَإِن
- But if
- كَانَ
- is
- لَهُنَّ
- for them
- وَلَدٌ
- a child,
- فَلَكُمُ
- then for you
- ٱلرُّبُعُ
- (is) the fourth
- مِمَّا
- of what
- تَرَكْنَ
- they left,
- مِنۢ
- from
- بَعْدِ
- after
- وَصِيَّةٍ
- any will
- يُوصِينَ
- they have made
- بِهَآ
- [for which]
- أَوْ
- or
- دَيْنٍ
- any debt.
- وَلَهُنَّ
- And for them
- تَرَكْتُمْ
- you left,
- لَّكُمْ
- for you
- لَكُمْ
- for you
- فَلَهُنَّ
- then for them
- ٱلثُّمُنُ
- (is) the eighth
- تَرَكْتُم
- you left
- مِّنۢ
- from
- تُوصُونَ
- you have made
- وَإِن
- And if
- كَانَ
- [is]
- رَجُلٌ
- a man
- يُورَثُ
- (whose wealth) is to be inherited
- كَلَٰلَةً
- (has) no parent or child
- أَوِ
- or
- ٱمْرَأَةٌ
- a women
- وَلَهُۥٓ
- and for him
- أَخٌ
- (is) a brother
- أُخْتٌ
- a sister,
- فَلِكُلِّ
- then for each
- وَٰحِدٍ
- one
- مِّنْهُمَا
- of (the) two
- ٱلسُّدُسُ
- (is) the sixth.
- كَانُوٓا۟
- they are
- أَكْثَرَ
- more
- مِن
- than
- ذَٰلِكَ
- that,
- فَهُمْ
- then they
- شُرَكَآءُ
- (are) partners
- فِى
- in
- ٱلثُّلُثِ
- the third,
- يُوصَىٰ
- was made
- دَيْنٍ
- any debt
- غَيْرَ
- without
- مُضَآرٍّ
- (being) harmful.
- وَصِيَّةً
- An ordinance
- مِّنَ
- from
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah.
- وَٱللَّهُ
- And Allah
- عَلِيمٌ
- (is) All-Knowing,
- حَلِيمٌ
- All-Forbearing.
- تِلْكَ
- These
- حُدُودُ
- (are the) limits
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah,
- وَمَن
- and whoever
- يُطِعِ
- obeys
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- وَرَسُولَهُۥ
- and His Messenger,
- يُدْخِلْهُ
- He will admit him
- جَنَّٰتٍ
- (to) Gardens
- تَجْرِى
- flows
- مِن
- from
- تَحْتِهَا
- underneath them
- ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ
- the rivers –
- خَٰلِدِينَ
- (will) abide forever
- فِيهَا
- in it.
- وَذَٰلِكَ
- And that
- ٱلْفَوْزُ
- (is) the success
- ٱلْعَظِيمُ
- [the] great.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يَعْصِ
- disobeys
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- وَرَسُولَهُۥ
- and His Messenger
- وَيَتَعَدَّ
- and transgresses
- حُدُودَهُۥ
- His limits –
- يُدْخِلْهُ
- He will admit him
- نَارًا
- (to) Fire
- خَٰلِدًا
- (will) abide forever
- فِيهَا
- in it.
- وَلَهُۥ
- And for him
- عَذَابٌ
- (is) a punishment
- مُّهِينٌ
- humiliating.
- وَٱلَّٰتِى
- And those who
- يَأْتِينَ
- commit
- ٱلْفَٰحِشَةَ
- [the] immorality
- مِن
- from
- نِّسَآئِكُمْ
- your women
- فَٱسْتَشْهِدُوا۟
- then call to witness
- عَلَيْهِنَّ
- against them
- أَرْبَعَةً
- four
- مِّنكُمْ
- among you.
- فَإِن
- And if
- شَهِدُوا۟
- they testify
- فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ
- then confine them
- فِى
- in
- ٱلْبُيُوتِ
- their houses
- حَتَّىٰ
- until
- يَتَوَفَّىٰهُنَّ
- comes to them
- ٱلْمَوْتُ
- [the] death
- أَوْ
- or
- يَجْعَلَ
- makes
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- لَهُنَّ
- for them
- سَبِيلًا
- a way.
- وَٱلَّذَانِ
- And the two who
- يَأْتِيَٰنِهَا
- commit it
- مِنكُمْ
- among you,
- فَـَٔاذُوهُمَا
- then punish both of them.
- فَإِن
- But if
- تَابَا
- they repent
- وَأَصْلَحَا
- and correct themselves,
- فَأَعْرِضُوا۟
- then turn away
- عَنْهُمَآ
- from both of them.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- تَوَّابًا
- Oft-Forgiving,
- رَّحِيمًا
- Most-Merciful.
- إِنَّمَا
- Only
- ٱلتَّوْبَةُ
- the acceptance of repentance
- عَلَى
- by
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- لِلَّذِينَ
- (is) for those who
- يَعْمَلُونَ
- do
- ٱلسُّوٓءَ
- the evil
- بِجَهَٰلَةٍ
- in ignorance,
- ثُمَّ
- then
- يَتُوبُونَ
- they repent
- مِن
- from
- قَرِيبٍ
- soon after.
- فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
- Then those
- يَتُوبُ
- will have forgiveness
- ٱللَّهُ
- (from) Allah
- عَلَيْهِمْ
- upon them,
- وَكَانَ
- and is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- عَلِيمًا
- All-Knowing,
- حَكِيمًا
- All-Wise.
- وَلَيْسَتِ
- And not
- ٱلتَّوْبَةُ
- (is) the acceptance of repentance
- لِلَّذِينَ
- for those who
- يَعْمَلُونَ
- do
- ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ
- the evil deeds
- حَتَّىٰٓ
- until
- إِذَا
- when
- حَضَرَ
- approaches
- أَحَدَهُمُ
- one of them
- ٱلْمَوْتُ
- [the] death,
- قَالَ
- he says,
- إِنِّى
- “Indeed I
- تُبْتُ
- repent
- ٱلْـَٰٔنَ
- now;”
- وَلَا
- and not
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- يَمُوتُونَ
- die
- وَهُمْ
- while they
- كُفَّارٌ
- (are) disbelievers.
- أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
- Those –
- أَعْتَدْنَا
- We have prepared
- لَهُمْ
- for them
- عَذَابًا
- a punishment
- أَلِيمًا
- painful.
- يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
- O you
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- who
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- believe[d]!
- لَا
- Not
- يَحِلُّ
- (is) lawful
- لَكُمْ
- for you
- أَن
- that
- تَرِثُوا۟
- you inherit
- ٱلنِّسَآءَ
- the women
- كَرْهًا
- (by) force.
- وَلَا
- And not
- تَعْضُلُوهُنَّ
- you constraint them
- لِتَذْهَبُوا۟
- so that you may take
- بِبَعْضِ
- a part
- مَآ
- (of) what
- ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ
- you have given them
- إِلَّآ
- except
- يَأْتِينَ
- they commit
- بِفَٰحِشَةٍ
- immorality
- مُّبَيِّنَةٍ
- open.
- وَعَاشِرُوهُنَّ
- And live with them
- بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ
- in kindness.
- فَإِن
- But if
- كَرِهْتُمُوهُنَّ
- you dislike them,
- فَعَسَىٰٓ
- then perhaps
- تَكْرَهُوا۟
- you dislike
- شَيْـًٔا
- a thing
- وَيَجْعَلَ
- and has placed
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- فِيهِ
- in it
- خَيْرًا
- good
- كَثِيرًا
- much.
- وَإِنْ
- And if
- أَرَدتُّمُ
- you intend
- ٱسْتِبْدَالَ
- replacing
- زَوْجٍ
- a wife
- مَّكَانَ
- (in) place
- زَوْجٍ
- (of) a wife
- وَءَاتَيْتُمْ
- and you have given
- إِحْدَىٰهُنَّ
- one of them
- قِنطَارًا
- heap (of gold)
- فَلَا
- then (do) not
- تَأْخُذُوا۟
- take away
- مِنْهُ
- from it
- شَيْـًٔا
- anything.
- أَتَأْخُذُونَهُۥ
- Would you take it
- بُهْتَٰنًا
- (by) slander
- وَإِثْمًا
- and a sin
- مُّبِينًا
- open?
- وَكَيْفَ
- And how
- تَأْخُذُونَهُۥ
- could you take it
- وَقَدْ
- when surely
- أَفْضَىٰ
- has gone –
- بَعْضُكُمْ
- one of you
- إِلَىٰ
- to
- بَعْضٍ
- another,
- وَأَخَذْنَ
- and they have taken
- مِنكُم
- from you
- مِّيثَٰقًا
- covenant
- غَلِيظًا
- strong?
- وَلَا
- And (do) not
- تَنكِحُوا۟
- marry
- مَا
- whom
- نَكَحَ
- married
- ءَابَآؤُكُم
- your fathers
- مِّنَ
- of
- ٱلنِّسَآءِ
- the women
- إِلَّا
- except
- مَا
- what
- قَدْ
- has
- سَلَفَ
- passed before,
- إِنَّهُۥ
- indeed it
- كَانَ
- was
- فَٰحِشَةً
- an immorality
- وَمَقْتًا
- and hateful,
- وَسَآءَ
- and (an) evil
- سَبِيلًا
- way.
- حُرِّمَتْ
- Forbidden
- عَلَيْكُمْ
- to you
- أُمَّهَٰتُكُمْ
- (are) your mothers
- وَبَنَاتُكُمْ
- and your daughters
- وَأَخَوَٰتُكُمْ
- and your sisters
- وَعَمَّٰتُكُمْ
- and your father`s sisters
- وَخَٰلَٰتُكُمْ
- and your mother`s sisters
- وَبَنَاتُ
- and daughters
- ٱلْأَخِ
- (of) brothers,
- ٱلْأُخْتِ
- (of) sisters
- وَأُمَّهَٰتُكُمُ
- and (the) mothers
- ٱلَّٰتِىٓ
- who
- أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ
- nursed you
- وَأَخَوَٰتُكُم
- and your sisters
- مِّنَ
- from
- ٱلرَّضَٰعَةِ
- the nursing
- وَأُمَّهَٰتُ
- and mothers
- نِسَآئِكُمْ
- (of) your wives
- وَرَبَٰٓئِبُكُمُ
- and your step daughters
- ٱلَّٰتِى
- who
- فِى
- (are) in
- حُجُورِكُم
- your guardianship
- مِّن
- of
- نِّسَآئِكُمُ
- your women
- ٱلَّٰتِى
- whom
- دَخَلْتُم
- you had relations
- بِهِنَّ
- with them,
- فَإِن
- but if
- لَّمْ
- not
- تَكُونُوا۟
- you had
- دَخَلْتُم
- relations
- فَلَا
- then (there is) no
- جُنَاحَ
- sin
- عَلَيْكُمْ
- on you.
- وَحَلَٰٓئِلُ
- And wives
- أَبْنَآئِكُمُ
- (of) your sons,
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- مِنْ
- (are) from
- أَصْلَٰبِكُمْ
- your loins
- وَأَن
- and that
- تَجْمَعُوا۟
- you gather together
- بَيْنَ
- [between]
- ٱلْأُخْتَيْنِ
- two sisters
- إِلَّا
- except
- مَا
- what
- قَدْ
- has
- سَلَفَ
- passed before.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- غَفُورًا
- Oft-Forgiving,
- رَّحِيمًا
- Most-Merciful.
- وَٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتُ
- And (prohibited are) the ones who are married
- مِنَ
- of
- ٱلنِّسَآءِ
- the women
- إِلَّا
- except
- مَا
- whom
- مَلَكَتْ
- you possess
- أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ
- rightfully.
- كِتَٰبَ
- Decree
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah
- عَلَيْكُمْ
- upon you.
- وَأُحِلَّ
- And are lawful
- لَكُم
- to you
- مَّا
- what
- وَرَآءَ
- (is) beyond
- ذَٰلِكُمْ
- that;
- أَن
- that
- تَبْتَغُوا۟
- you seek
- بِأَمْوَٰلِكُم
- with your wealth
- مُّحْصِنِينَ
- desiring to be chaste
- غَيْرَ
- not
- مُسَٰفِحِينَ
- (to be) lustful.
- فَمَا
- So what
- ٱسْتَمْتَعْتُم
- you benefit[ed]
- بِهِۦ
- of it
- مِنْهُنَّ
- from them,
- فَـَٔاتُوهُنَّ
- so you give them
- أُجُورَهُنَّ
- their bridal due
- فَرِيضَةً
- (as) an obligation.
- وَلَا
- And (there is) no
- جُنَاحَ
- sin
- عَلَيْكُمْ
- on you
- فِيمَا
- concerning what
- تَرَٰضَيْتُم
- you mutually agree
- مِنۢ
- from
- بَعْدِ
- beyond
- ٱلْفَرِيضَةِ
- the obligation.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- عَلِيمًا
- All-Knowing,
- حَكِيمًا
- All-Wise.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- لَّمْ
- (is) not
- يَسْتَطِعْ
- able to
- مِنكُمْ
- among you
- طَوْلًا
- afford
- أَن
- to
- يَنكِحَ
- marry
- ٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتِ
- the free chaste
- ٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِ
- [the] believing women
- فَمِن
- then (marry) from
- مَّا
- what
- مَلَكَتْ
- possess[ed]
- أَيْمَٰنُكُم
- your right hands
- مِّن
- of
- فَتَيَٰتِكُمُ
- your slave girls –
- ٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِ
- (of) the believers.
- وَٱللَّهُ
- And Allah
- أَعْلَمُ
- knows best
- بِإِيمَٰنِكُم
- about your faith.
- بَعْضُكُم
- You
- مِّنۢ
- (are) from
- بَعْضٍ
- (one) another.
- فَٱنكِحُوهُنَّ
- So marry them
- بِإِذْنِ
- with (the) permission
- أَهْلِهِنَّ
- (of) their family
- وَءَاتُوهُنَّ
- and give them
- أُجُورَهُنَّ
- their bridal due
- بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ
- in a fair manner.
- مُحْصَنَٰتٍ
- (They should be) chaste
- غَيْرَ
- not
- مُسَٰفِحَٰتٍ
- those who commit immorality
- وَلَا
- and not
- مُتَّخِذَٰتِ
- those who take
- أَخْدَانٍ
- secret lovers.
- فَإِذَآ
- Then when
- أُحْصِنَّ
- they are married
- فَإِنْ
- and if
- أَتَيْنَ
- they commit
- بِفَٰحِشَةٍ
- adultery
- فَعَلَيْهِنَّ
- then for them
- نِصْفُ
- (is) half
- مَا
- (of) what
- عَلَى
- (is) on
- ٱلْمُحْصَنَٰتِ
- the free chaste women
- مِنَ
- of
- ٱلْعَذَابِ
- the punishment.
- ذَٰلِكَ
- That
- لِمَنْ
- (is) for whoever
- خَشِىَ
- fears
- ٱلْعَنَتَ
- committing sin
- وَأَن
- and that
- تَصْبِرُوا۟
- you be patient
- خَيْرٌ
- (is) better
- لَّكُمْ
- for you.
- غَفُورٌ
- (is) Oft-Forgiving,
- رَّحِيمٌ
- Most Merciful.
- يُرِيدُ
- Wishes
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- لِيُبَيِّنَ
- to make clear
- لَكُمْ
- to you
- وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ
- and to guide you
- سُنَنَ
- (to) ways
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- (of) those
- مِن
- from
- قَبْلِكُمْ
- before you
- وَيَتُوبَ
- and (to) accept repentance
- عَلَيْكُمْ
- from you.
- وَٱللَّهُ
- And Allah
- عَلِيمٌ
- (is) All-Knowing,
- حَكِيمٌ
- All-Wise.
- وَٱللَّهُ
- And Allah
- يُرِيدُ
- wishes
- أَن
- to
- يَتُوبَ
- accept repentance
- عَلَيْكُمْ
- from you,
- وَيُرِيدُ
- but wish
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- يَتَّبِعُونَ
- follow
- ٱلشَّهَوَٰتِ
- the passions
- أَن
- that
- تَمِيلُوا۟
- you deviate –
- مَيْلًا
- (into) a deviation
- عَظِيمًا
- great.
- يُرِيدُ
- Wishes
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- أَن
- to
- يُخَفِّفَ
- lighten
- عَنكُمْ
- for you;
- وَخُلِقَ
- and was created
- ٱلْإِنسَٰنُ
- the mankind
- ضَعِيفًا
- weak.
- يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
- O you
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- who
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- believe[d]!
- لَا
- (Do) not
- تَأْكُلُوٓا۟
- eat
- أَمْوَٰلَكُم
- your wealth
- بَيْنَكُم
- between yourselves
- بِٱلْبَٰطِلِ
- unjustly.
- إِلَّآ
- But
- أَن
- that
- تَكُونَ
- (there) be
- تِجَٰرَةً
- business
- عَن
- on
- تَرَاضٍ
- mutual consent
- مِّنكُمْ
- among you.
- وَلَا
- And (do) not
- تَقْتُلُوٓا۟
- kill
- أَنفُسَكُمْ
- yourselves.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- بِكُمْ
- to you
- رَحِيمًا
- Most Merciful.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يَفْعَلْ
- does
- ذَٰلِكَ
- that
- عُدْوَٰنًا
- (in) aggression
- وَظُلْمًا
- and injustice,
- فَسَوْفَ
- then soon
- نُصْلِيهِ
- We (will) cast him
- نَارًا
- (into) a Fire.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- عَلَى
- for
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- يَسِيرًا
- easy.
- إِن
- If
- تَجْتَنِبُوا۟
- you avoid
- كَبَآئِرَ
- great (sins)
- مَا
- (of) what
- تُنْهَوْنَ
- you are forbidden
- عَنْهُ
- from [it],
- نُكَفِّرْ
- We will remove
- عَنكُمْ
- from you
- سَيِّـَٔاتِكُمْ
- your evil deeds
- وَنُدْخِلْكُم
- and We will admit you
- مُّدْخَلًا
- (to) an entrance
- كَرِيمًا
- noble.
- وَلَا
- And (do) not
- تَتَمَنَّوْا۟
- covet
- مَا
- what
- فَضَّلَ
- (has) bestowed
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- بِهِۦ
- [with it]
- بَعْضَكُمْ
- some of you
- عَلَىٰ
- over
- بَعْضٍ
- others.
- لِّلرِّجَالِ
- For men
- نَصِيبٌ
- (is) a share
- مِّمَّا
- of what
- ٱكْتَسَبُوا۟
- they earned,
- وَلِلنِّسَآءِ
- and for women
- ٱكْتَسَبْنَ
- they earned.
- وَسْـَٔلُوا۟
- And ask
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- مِن
- of
- فَضْلِهِۦٓ
- His bounty.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- كَانَ
- is
- بِكُلِّ
- of every
- شَىْءٍ
- thing
- عَلِيمًا
- All-Knower.
- وَلِكُلٍّ
- And for all
- جَعَلْنَا
- We (have) made
- مَوَٰلِىَ
- heirs
- مِمَّا
- of what
- تَرَكَ
- (is) left
- ٱلْوَٰلِدَانِ
- (by) the parents
- وَٱلْأَقْرَبُونَ
- and the relatives.
- وَٱلَّذِينَ
- And those whom
- عَقَدَتْ
- pledged
- أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ
- your right hands –
- فَـَٔاتُوهُمْ
- then give them
- نَصِيبَهُمْ
- their share.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- عَلَىٰ
- over
- كُلِّ
- every
- شَىْءٍ
- thing
- شَهِيدًا
- a Witness.
- ٱلرِّجَالُ
- [The] men
- قَوَّٰمُونَ
- (are) protectors
- عَلَى
- of
- ٱلنِّسَآءِ
- the women
- بِمَا
- because
- فَضَّلَ
- (has) bestowed
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- بَعْضَهُمْ
- some of them
- عَلَىٰ
- over
- بَعْضٍ
- others
- وَبِمَآ
- and because
- أَنفَقُوا۟
- they spend
- مِنْ
- from
- أَمْوَٰلِهِمْ
- their wealth.
- فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ
- So the righteous women
- قَٰنِتَٰتٌ
- (are) obedient,
- حَٰفِظَٰتٌ
- guarding
- لِّلْغَيْبِ
- in the unseen
- بِمَا
- that which
- حَفِظَ
- (orders) them to guard
- ٱللَّهُ
- (by) Allah.
- وَٱلَّٰتِى
- And those (from) whom
- تَخَافُونَ
- you fear
- نُشُوزَهُنَّ
- their ill-conduct
- فَعِظُوهُنَّ
- then advise them,
- وَٱهْجُرُوهُنَّ
- and forsake them
- فِى
- in
- ٱلْمَضَاجِعِ
- the bed
- وَٱضْرِبُوهُنَّ
- and [finally] strike them.
- فَإِنْ
- Then if
- أَطَعْنَكُمْ
- they obey you
- فَلَا
- then (do) not
- تَبْغُوا۟
- seek
- عَلَيْهِنَّ
- against them
- سَبِيلًا
- a way.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- عَلِيًّا
- Most High,
- كَبِيرًا
- Most Great.
- وَإِنْ
- And if
- خِفْتُمْ
- you fear
- شِقَاقَ
- a dissension
- بَيْنِهِمَا
- between (the) two of them,
- فَٱبْعَثُوا۟
- then send
- حَكَمًا
- an arbitrator
- مِّنْ
- from
- أَهْلِهِۦ
- his family
- وَحَكَمًا
- and an arbitrator
- أَهْلِهَآ
- her family.
- إِن
- If
- يُرِيدَآ
- they both wish
- إِصْلَٰحًا
- reconciliation,
- يُوَفِّقِ
- will cause reconciliation
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- بَيْنَهُمَآ
- between both of them.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- عَلِيمًا
- All-Knower,
- خَبِيرًا
- All-Aware.
- وَٱعْبُدُوا۟
- And worship
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- وَلَا
- And (do) not
- تُشْرِكُوا۟
- associate
- بِهِۦ
- with Him
- شَيْـًٔا
- anything,
- وَبِٱلْوَٰلِدَيْنِ
- and to the parents
- إِحْسَٰنًا
- (do) good,
- وَبِذِى
- and with
- ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ
- the relatives,
- وَٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ
- and the orphans,
- وَٱلْمَسَٰكِينِ
- and the needy
- وَٱلْجَارِ
- and the neighbor
- ذِى
- (who is)
- ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ
- near,
- ٱلْجُنُبِ
- (who is) farther away,
- وَٱلصَّاحِبِ
- and the companion
- بِٱلْجَنۢبِ
- by your side
- وَٱبْنِ
- and the
- ٱلسَّبِيلِ
- traveler
- وَمَا
- and what
- مَلَكَتْ
- possess[ed]
- أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ
- your right hands.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- لَا
- (does) not
- يُحِبُّ
- love
- مَن
- (the one) who
- كَانَ
- is
- مُخْتَالًا
- [a] proud
- فَخُورًا
- (and) [a] boastful.
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- Those who
- يَبْخَلُونَ
- are stingy
- وَيَأْمُرُونَ
- and order
- ٱلنَّاسَ
- the people
- بِٱلْبُخْلِ
- [of] stinginess
- وَيَكْتُمُونَ
- and hide
- مَآ
- what
- ءَاتَىٰهُمُ
- (has) given them
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- مِن
- of
- فَضْلِهِۦ
- His Bounty –
- وَأَعْتَدْنَا
- and We (have) prepared
- لِلْكَٰفِرِينَ
- for the disbelievers
- عَذَابًا
- a punishment
- مُّهِينًا
- humiliating.
- وَٱلَّذِينَ
- And those who
- يُنفِقُونَ
- spend
- أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ
- their wealth
- رِئَآءَ
- to be seen
- ٱلنَّاسِ
- (by) the people
- وَلَا
- and not
- يُؤْمِنُونَ
- they believe
- بِٱللَّهِ
- in Allah
- بِٱلْيَوْمِ
- in the Day
- ٱلْءَاخِرِ
- the Last,
- وَمَن
- and whoever
- يَكُنِ
- has
- ٱلشَّيْطَٰنُ
- the Shaitaan
- لَهُۥ
- for him
- قَرِينًا
- (as) companion –
- فَسَآءَ
- then evil
- قَرِينًا
- (is he as) a companion.
- وَمَاذَا
- And what
- عَلَيْهِمْ
- (is) against them
- لَوْ
- if
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- they believed
- بِٱللَّهِ
- in Allah
- وَٱلْيَوْمِ
- and the Day
- ٱلْءَاخِرِ
- the Last
- وَأَنفَقُوا۟
- and spent
- مِمَّا
- from what
- رَزَقَهُمُ
- (has) provided them
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah?
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- بِهِمْ
- about them
- عَلِيمًا
- All-Knower.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- لَا
- (does) not
- يَظْلِمُ
- wrong
- مِثْقَالَ
- (as much as) weight
- ذَرَّةٍ
- (of) an atom.
- وَإِن
- And if
- تَكُ
- there is
- حَسَنَةً
- a good
- يُضَٰعِفْهَا
- He doubles it
- وَيُؤْتِ
- and gives
- مِن
- from
- لَّدُنْهُ
- near Him
- أَجْرًا
- a reward
- عَظِيمًا
- great.
- فَكَيْفَ
- So how (will it be)
- إِذَا
- when
- جِئْنَا
- We bring
- مِن
- from
- كُلِّ
- every
- أُمَّةٍۭ
- nation
- بِشَهِيدٍ
- a witness
- وَجِئْنَا
- and We bring
- بِكَ
- you
- عَلَىٰ
- against
- هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ
- these (people)
- شَهِيدًا
- (as) a witness.
- يَوْمَئِذٍ
- (On) that Day
- يَوَدُّ
- will wish
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- كَفَرُوا۟
- disbelieved
- وَعَصَوُا۟
- and disobeyed
- ٱلرَّسُولَ
- the Messenger
- لَوْ
- if
- تُسَوَّىٰ
- was leveled
- بِهِمُ
- with them
- ٱلْأَرْضُ
- the earth
- وَلَا
- and not
- يَكْتُمُونَ
- they will (be able to) hide
- ٱللَّهَ
- (from) Allah
- حَدِيثًا
- (any) statement.
- يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
- O you
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- who
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- believe[d]!
- لَا
- (Do) not
- تَقْرَبُوا۟
- go near
- ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ
- the prayer
- وَأَنتُمْ
- while you
- سُكَٰرَىٰ
- (are) intoxicated
- حَتَّىٰ
- until
- تَعْلَمُوا۟
- you know
- مَا
- what
- تَقُولُونَ
- you are saying
- وَلَا
- and not
- جُنُبًا
- (when you are) impure
- إِلَّا
- except
- عَابِرِى
- (when) passing
- سَبِيلٍ
- (through) a way
- تَغْتَسِلُوا۟
- you have bathed.
- وَإِن
- And if
- كُنتُم
- you are
- مَّرْضَىٰٓ
- ill
- أَوْ
- or
- عَلَىٰ
- on
- سَفَرٍ
- a journey
- جَآءَ
- came
- أَحَدٌ
- one
- مِّنكُم
- of you
- مِّنَ
- from
- ٱلْغَآئِطِ
- the toilet,
- لَٰمَسْتُمُ
- you have touched
- ٱلنِّسَآءَ
- the women
- فَلَمْ
- and not
- تَجِدُوا۟
- you find
- مَآءً
- water,
- فَتَيَمَّمُوا۟
- then do tayammum
- صَعِيدًا
- (with) earth
- طَيِّبًا
- clean
- فَٱمْسَحُوا۟
- and wipe (with it)
- بِوُجُوهِكُمْ
- your faces
- وَأَيْدِيكُمْ
- and your hands.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- عَفُوًّا
- Oft-Pardoning,
- غَفُورًا
- Oft-Forgiving.
- أَلَمْ
- Did not
- تَرَ
- you see,
- إِلَى
- [towards]
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- أُوتُوا۟
- were given
- نَصِيبًا
- a portion
- مِّنَ
- of
- ٱلْكِتَٰبِ
- the Book,
- يَشْتَرُونَ
- purchasing
- ٱلضَّلَٰلَةَ
- [the] error
- وَيُرِيدُونَ
- and wishing
- أَن
- that
- تَضِلُّوا۟
- you stray
- ٱلسَّبِيلَ
- (from) the way?
- وَٱللَّهُ
- And Allah
- أَعْلَمُ
- knows better
- بِأَعْدَآئِكُمْ
- about your enemies
- وَكَفَىٰ
- and (is) sufficient
- بِٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- وَلِيًّا
- (as) a Protector,
- وَكَفَىٰ
- and sufficient
- بِٱللَّهِ
- (is) Allah
- نَصِيرًا
- (as) a Helper.
- مِّنَ
- Of
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- هَادُوا۟
- are Jews,
- يُحَرِّفُونَ
- they distort
- ٱلْكَلِمَ
- the words
- عَن
- from
- مَّوَاضِعِهِۦ
- their places
- وَيَقُولُونَ
- and they say,
- سَمِعْنَا
- “We hear[d]
- وَعَصَيْنَا
- and we disobey[ed]”
- وَٱسْمَعْ
- and “Hear
- غَيْرَ
- not
- مُسْمَعٍ
- to be heard
- وَرَٰعِنَا
- and “Raina”
- لَيًّۢا
- twisting
- بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ
- [with] their tongues
- وَطَعْنًا
- and defaming
- فِى
- [in]
- ٱلدِّينِ
- the religion.
- وَلَوْ
- And if
- أَنَّهُمْ
- [that] they
- قَالُوا۟
- (had) said,
- وَأَطَعْنَا
- and we obey[ed]”
- وَٱنظُرْنَا
- and look (at) us,”
- لَكَانَ
- surely it (would) have been
- خَيْرًا
- better
- لَّهُمْ
- for them
- وَأَقْوَمَ
- and more suitable.
- وَلَٰكِن
- [And] but
- لَّعَنَهُمُ
- cursed them
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- بِكُفْرِهِمْ
- for their disbelief,
- فَلَا
- so not
- يُؤْمِنُونَ
- they believe
- إِلَّا
- except
- قَلِيلًا
- a few.
- يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
- O you
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- who
- أُوتُوا۟
- (have) been given
- ٱلْكِتَٰبَ
- the Book,
- ءَامِنُوا۟
- believe
- بِمَا
- in what
- نَزَّلْنَا
- We (have) revealed
- مُصَدِّقًا
- confirming
- لِّمَا
- what is
- مَعَكُم
- with you,
- مِّن
- from
- قَبْلِ
- before
- أَن
- [that]
- نَّطْمِسَ
- We efface
- وُجُوهًا
- faces
- فَنَرُدَّهَا
- and turn them
- عَلَىٰٓ
- on
- أَدْبَارِهَآ
- their backs
- أَوْ
- or
- نَلْعَنَهُمْ
- We curse them
- كَمَا
- as
- لَعَنَّآ
- We cursed
- أَصْحَٰبَ
- companions
- ٱلسَّبْتِ
- (of) the Sabbath.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- أَمْرُ
- (the) command
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah
- مَفْعُولًا
- (always) executed.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- لَا
- (does) not
- يَغْفِرُ
- forgive
- أَن
- that
- يُشْرَكَ
- partners be associated
- بِهِۦ
- with Him,
- وَيَغْفِرُ
- but He forgives
- مَا
- from
- دُونَ
- other than
- ذَٰلِكَ
- that
- لِمَن
- for whom
- يَشَآءُ
- He wills.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يُشْرِكْ
- associates partners
- بِٱللَّهِ
- with Allah,
- فَقَدِ
- then surely
- ٱفْتَرَىٰٓ
- he has fabricated
- إِثْمًا
- a sin –
- عَظِيمًا
- tremendous.
- أَلَمْ
- Do not
- تَرَ
- you see
- إِلَى
- [towards]
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- يُزَكُّونَ
- claim purity
- أَنفُسَهُم
- (for) themselves?
- بَلِ
- Nay,
- ٱللَّهُ
- (it is) Allah,
- يُزَكِّى
- He purifies
- مَن
- whom
- يَشَآءُ
- He wills
- وَلَا
- and not
- يُظْلَمُونَ
- they will be wronged
- فَتِيلًا
- (even as much as) a hair on a date-seed.
- ٱنظُرْ
- See
- كَيْفَ
- how
- يَفْتَرُونَ
- they invent
- عَلَى
- about
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- ٱلْكَذِبَ
- [the] lie,
- وَكَفَىٰ
- and sufficient
- بِهِۦٓ
- is it –
- إِثْمًا
- (as) a sin
- مُّبِينًا
- manifest.
- أَلَمْ
- Do not
- تَرَ
- you see
- إِلَى
- [towards]
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- أُوتُوا۟
- were given
- نَصِيبًا
- a portion
- مِّنَ
- of
- ٱلْكِتَٰبِ
- the Book?
- يُؤْمِنُونَ
- They believe
- بِٱلْجِبْتِ
- in the superstition
- وَٱلطَّٰغُوتِ
- and the false deities,
- وَيَقُولُونَ
- and they say
- لِلَّذِينَ
- for those who
- كَفَرُوا۟
- disbelieve[d]
- هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ
- “These
- أَهْدَىٰ
- (are) better guided
- مِنَ
- than
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- believe[d]
- سَبِيلًا
- (as to the) way.
- أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
- Those
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- (are) the ones
- لَعَنَهُمُ
- (who have been) cursed
- ٱللَّهُ
- (by) Allah,
- وَمَن
- and whoever
- يَلْعَنِ
- (is) cursed
- ٱللَّهُ
- (by) Allah
- فَلَن
- then never
- تَجِدَ
- will you find
- لَهُۥ
- for him
- نَصِيرًا
- (any) helper.
- أَمْ
- Or
- لَهُمْ
- for them
- نَصِيبٌ
- (is) a share
- مِّنَ
- of
- ٱلْمُلْكِ
- the Kingdom?
- فَإِذًا
- Then
- لَّا
- not would
- يُؤْتُونَ
- they give
- ٱلنَّاسَ
- the people
- نَقِيرًا
- (even as much as the) speck on a date seed.
- أَمْ
- Or
- يَحْسُدُونَ
- are they jealous
- ٱلنَّاسَ
- (of) the people
- عَلَىٰ
- for
- مَآ
- what
- ءَاتَىٰهُمُ
- gave them
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- مِن
- from
- فَضْلِهِۦ
- His Bounty?
- فَقَدْ
- But surely
- ءَاتَيْنَآ
- We gave
- ءَالَ
- (the) family
- إِبْرَٰهِيمَ
- (of) Ibrahim
- ٱلْكِتَٰبَ
- the Book
- وَٱلْحِكْمَةَ
- and [the] wisdom
- وَءَاتَيْنَٰهُم
- and [We] gave them
- مُّلْكًا
- a kingdom
- عَظِيمًا
- great.
- فَمِنْهُم
- Then of them
- مَّنْ
- (are some) who
- ءَامَنَ
- believed
- بِهِۦ
- in him
- وَمِنْهُم
- and of them
- مَّن
- (are some) who
- صَدَّ
- turned away
- عَنْهُ
- from him,
- وَكَفَىٰ
- and sufficient
- بِجَهَنَّمَ
- (is) Hell
- سَعِيرًا
- (as a) Blazing Fire.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- كَفَرُوا۟
- disbelieved
- بِـَٔايَٰتِنَا
- in Our Signs,
- سَوْفَ
- soon
- نُصْلِيهِمْ
- We will burn them
- نَارًا
- (in) a Fire.
- كُلَّمَا
- Every time
- نَضِجَتْ
- are roasted
- جُلُودُهُم
- their skins
- بَدَّلْنَٰهُمْ
- We will change their
- جُلُودًا
- skins
- غَيْرَهَا
- for other (than) that,
- لِيَذُوقُوا۟
- so that they may taste
- ٱلْعَذَابَ
- the punishment.
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- عَزِيزًا
- All-Mighty,
- حَكِيمًا
- All-Wise.
- وَٱلَّذِينَ
- And those who
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- believe[d]
- وَعَمِلُوا۟
- and did
- ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ
- the good deeds
- سَنُدْخِلُهُمْ
- We will admit them
- جَنَّٰتٍ
- (in) Gardens
- تَجْرِى
- flows
- مِن
- from
- تَحْتِهَا
- underneath it
- ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ
- the rivers,
- خَٰلِدِينَ
- will abide
- فِيهَآ
- in it
- أَبَدًا
- forever.
- لَّهُمْ
- For them
- أَزْوَٰجٌ
- (are) spouses
- مُّطَهَّرَةٌ
- pure,
- وَنُدْخِلُهُمْ
- and We will admit them
- ظِلًّا
- (in the) shade
- ظَلِيلًا
- thick.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- يَأْمُرُكُمْ
- orders you
- أَن
- to
- تُؤَدُّوا۟
- render
- ٱلْأَمَٰنَٰتِ
- the trusts
- إِلَىٰٓ
- to
- أَهْلِهَا
- their owners,
- وَإِذَا
- and when
- حَكَمْتُم
- you judge
- بَيْنَ
- between
- ٱلنَّاسِ
- the people
- تَحْكُمُوا۟
- judge
- بِٱلْعَدْلِ
- with justice.
- نِعِمَّا
- excellently
- يَعِظُكُم
- advises you
- بِهِۦٓ
- with it.
- كَانَ
- is
- سَمِيعًۢا
- All-Hearing,
- بَصِيرًا
- All-Seeing.
- يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
- O you
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- who
- ءَامَنُوٓا۟
- believe[d]!
- أَطِيعُوا۟
- Obey
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- وَأَطِيعُوا۟
- and obey
- ٱلرَّسُولَ
- the Messenger
- وَأُو۟لِى
- and those
- ٱلْأَمْرِ
- (having) authority
- مِنكُمْ
- among you.
- فَإِن
- Then if
- تَنَٰزَعْتُمْ
- you disagree
- فِى
- in
- شَىْءٍ
- anything,
- فَرُدُّوهُ
- refer it
- إِلَى
- to
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- وَٱلرَّسُولِ
- and the Messenger,
- إِن
- if
- كُنتُمْ
- you
- تُؤْمِنُونَ
- believe
- بِٱللَّهِ
- in Allah
- وَٱلْيَوْمِ
- and the Day
- ٱلْءَاخِرِ
- [the] Last.
- ذَٰلِكَ
- That
- خَيْرٌ
- (is) best
- وَأَحْسَنُ
- and more suitable
- تَأْوِيلًا
- (for final) determination.
- أَلَمْ
- Do not
- تَرَ
- you see
- إِلَى
- [towards]
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- يَزْعُمُونَ
- claim
- أَنَّهُمْ
- that they
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- believe
- بِمَآ
- in what
- أُنزِلَ
- (is) revealed
- إِلَيْكَ
- to you
- وَمَآ
- and what
- أُنزِلَ
- was revealed
- مِن
- from
- قَبْلِكَ
- before you?
- يُرِيدُونَ
- They wish
- أَن
- to
- يَتَحَاكَمُوٓا۟
- go for judgment
- إِلَى
- to
- ٱلطَّٰغُوتِ
- the false deities
- وَقَدْ
- and surely
- أُمِرُوٓا۟
- they were ordered
- يَكْفُرُوا۟
- reject
- بِهِۦ
- [with] it.
- وَيُرِيدُ
- And wishes
- ٱلشَّيْطَٰنُ
- the Shaitaan
- يُضِلَّهُمْ
- mislead them
- ضَلَٰلًۢا
- astray –
- بَعِيدًا
- far away.
- وَإِذَا
- And when
- قِيلَ
- it is said
- لَهُمْ
- to them,
- تَعَالَوْا۟
- “Come
- إِلَىٰ
- to
- مَآ
- what
- أَنزَلَ
- (has) revealed
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- وَإِلَى
- and to
- ٱلرَّسُولِ
- the Messenger,”
- رَأَيْتَ
- you see
- ٱلْمُنَٰفِقِينَ
- the hypocrites
- يَصُدُّونَ
- turning away
- عَنكَ
- from you
- صُدُودًا
- (in) aversion.
- فَكَيْفَ
- So how
- إِذَآ
- when
- أَصَٰبَتْهُم
- befalls them
- مُّصِيبَةٌۢ
- disaster
- بِمَا
- for what
- قَدَّمَتْ
- sent forth
- أَيْدِيهِمْ
- their hands
- ثُمَّ
- then
- جَآءُوكَ
- they come to you
- يَحْلِفُونَ
- swearing
- بِٱللَّهِ
- by Allah,
- إِنْ
- “Not
- أَرَدْنَآ
- we intended
- إِلَّآ
- except
- إِحْسَٰنًا
- good
- وَتَوْفِيقًا
- and reconciliation.”
- أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
- Those
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- (are) the ones who –
- يَعْلَمُ
- knows
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- مَا
- what
- فِى
- (is) in
- قُلُوبِهِمْ
- their hearts,
- فَأَعْرِضْ
- so turn away
- عَنْهُمْ
- from them
- وَعِظْهُمْ
- and admonish them,
- وَقُل
- and say
- لَّهُمْ
- to them
- فِىٓ
- concerning
- أَنفُسِهِمْ
- their souls
- قَوْلًۢا
- a word
- بَلِيغًا
- penetrating.
- وَمَآ
- And not
- أَرْسَلْنَا
- We sent
- مِن
- any
- رَّسُولٍ
- Messenger
- إِلَّا
- except
- لِيُطَاعَ
- to be obeyed
- بِإِذْنِ
- by (the) permission
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah.
- وَلَوْ
- And if
- أَنَّهُمْ
- [that] they,
- إِذ
- when
- ظَّلَمُوٓا۟
- they wronged
- أَنفُسَهُمْ
- themselves,
- جَآءُوكَ
- (had) come to you
- فَٱسْتَغْفَرُوا۟
- and asked forgiveness
- ٱللَّهَ
- (of) Allah,
- وَٱسْتَغْفَرَ
- and asked forgiveness
- لَهُمُ
- for them
- ٱلرَّسُولُ
- the Messenger,
- لَوَجَدُوا۟
- surely they would have found
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- تَوَّابًا
- Oft-Forgiving,
- رَّحِيمًا
- Most Merciful.
- فَلَا
- But no,
- وَرَبِّكَ
- by your Lord,
- لَا
- not
- يُؤْمِنُونَ
- will they believe
- حَتَّىٰ
- until
- يُحَكِّمُوكَ
- they make you judge
- فِيمَا
- about what
- شَجَرَ
- arises
- بَيْنَهُمْ
- between them,
- ثُمَّ
- then
- يَجِدُوا۟
- they find
- فِىٓ
- in
- أَنفُسِهِمْ
- themselves
- حَرَجًا
- any discomfort
- مِّمَّا
- about what
- قَضَيْتَ
- you (have) decided
- وَيُسَلِّمُوا۟
- and submit
- تَسْلِيمًا
- (in full) submission.
- وَلَوْ
- And if
- أَنَّا
- [that] We
- كَتَبْنَا
- (had) decreed
- عَلَيْهِمْ
- on them
- أَنِ
- that,
- ٱقْتُلُوٓا۟
- “Kill
- أَنفُسَكُمْ
- yourselves”
- أَوِ
- or
- ٱخْرُجُوا۟
- “Go forth
- مِن
- from
- دِيَٰرِكُم
- your homes,”
- مَّا
- not
- فَعَلُوهُ
- they would have done it
- إِلَّا
- except
- قَلِيلٌ
- a few
- مِّنْهُمْ
- of them.
- وَلَوْ
- But if
- أَنَّهُمْ
- [that] they
- فَعَلُوا۟
- had done
- مَا
- what
- يُوعَظُونَ
- they were advised
- بِهِۦ
- with [it],
- لَكَانَ
- surely (it) would have been
- خَيْرًا
- better
- لَّهُمْ
- for them
- وَأَشَدَّ
- and stronger
- تَثْبِيتًا
- strengthen(ing).
- وَإِذًا
- And then
- لَّءَاتَيْنَٰهُم
- We would (have) given them
- مِّن
- from
- لَّدُنَّآ
- Ourselves
- أَجْرًا
- a reward,
- عَظِيمًا
- great.
- وَلَهَدَيْنَٰهُمْ
- And We would have guided them
- صِرَٰطًا
- (to the) way,
- مُّسْتَقِيمًا
- (the) straight.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يُطِعِ
- obeys
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- وَٱلرَّسُولَ
- and the Messenger
- فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
- then those
- مَعَ
- (will be) with
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those whom
- أَنْعَمَ
- has bestowed (His) Favor
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- عَلَيْهِم
- upon them –
- مِّنَ
- of
- ٱلنَّبِيِّۦنَ
- the Prophets,
- وَٱلصِّدِّيقِينَ
- and the truthful,
- وَٱلشُّهَدَآءِ
- and the martyrs,
- وَٱلصَّٰلِحِينَ
- and the righteous.
- وَحَسُنَ
- And excellent
- أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
- (are) those
- رَفِيقًا
- companion(s).
- ذَٰلِكَ
- That
- ٱلْفَضْلُ
- (is) the Bounty
- مِنَ
- of
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah,
- وَكَفَىٰ
- and sufficient
- بِٱللَّهِ
- Allah,
- عَلِيمًا
- (as) All-Knower.
- يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
- O you
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- who
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- believe[d]!
- خُذُوا۟
- Take
- حِذْرَكُمْ
- your precautions
- فَٱنفِرُوا۟
- and advance
- ثُبَاتٍ
- (in) groups
- أَوِ
- or
- ٱنفِرُوا۟
- advance
- جَمِيعًا
- all together.
- وَإِنَّ
- And indeed,
- مِنكُمْ
- among you
- لَمَن
- (is he) who
- لَّيُبَطِّئَنَّ
- lags behind
- فَإِنْ
- then if
- أَصَٰبَتْكُم
- befalls you
- مُّصِيبَةٌ
- a disaster
- قَالَ
- he said,
- قَدْ
- “Verily
- أَنْعَمَ
- (has) favored
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- عَلَىَّ
- [on] me
- إِذْ
- [when]
- لَمْ
- (that) not
- أَكُن
- I was
- مَّعَهُمْ
- with them,
- شَهِيدًا
- present.”
- وَلَئِنْ
- And if
- أَصَٰبَكُمْ
- befalls you
- فَضْلٌ
- bounty
- مِّنَ
- from
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- لَيَقُولَنَّ
- he would surely say
- كَأَن
- as if
- لَّمْ
- (had) not
- تَكُنۢ
- there been
- بَيْنَكُمْ
- between you
- وَبَيْنَهُۥ
- and between him
- مَوَدَّةٌ
- any affection,
- يَٰلَيْتَنِى
- “Oh! I wish
- كُنتُ
- I had been
- مَعَهُمْ
- with them
- فَأَفُوزَ
- then I would have attained
- فَوْزًا
- a success
- عَظِيمًا
- great.”
- فَلْيُقَٰتِلْ
- So let fight
- فِى
- in
- سَبِيلِ
- (the) way
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- يَشْرُونَ
- sell
- ٱلْحَيَوٰةَ
- the life
- ٱلدُّنْيَا
- (of) the world
- بِٱلْءَاخِرَةِ
- for the Hereafter.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يُقَٰتِلْ
- fights
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah,
- فَيُقْتَلْ
- then he is killed
- أَوْ
- or
- يَغْلِبْ
- achieves victory
- فَسَوْفَ
- then soon
- نُؤْتِيهِ
- We will grant him
- أَجْرًا
- a reward
- عَظِيمًا
- a great.
- وَمَا
- And what
- لَكُمْ
- for you
- لَا
- (that) not
- تُقَٰتِلُونَ
- you fight
- فِى
- in
- سَبِيلِ
- (the) way
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah,
- وَٱلْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ
- and (for) those who are weak
- مِنَ
- among
- ٱلرِّجَالِ
- the men
- وَٱلنِّسَآءِ
- and the women
- وَٱلْوِلْدَٰنِ
- and the children,
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- يَقُولُونَ
- say,
- رَبَّنَآ
- “Our Lord
- أَخْرِجْنَا
- take us out
- مِنْ
- of
- هَٰذِهِ
- this
- ٱلْقَرْيَةِ
- [the] town
- ٱلظَّالِمِ
- [the] oppressor(s)
- أَهْلُهَا
- (are) its people
- وَٱجْعَل
- and appoint
- لَّنَا
- for us
- مِن
- from
- لَّدُنكَ
- Yourself
- وَلِيًّا
- a protector
- نَصِيرًا
- a helper.
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- Those who
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- believe,
- يُقَٰتِلُونَ
- they fight
- فِى
- in
- سَبِيلِ
- (the) way
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah;
- وَٱلَّذِينَ
- and those
- كَفَرُوا۟
- who disbelieve,
- ٱلطَّٰغُوتِ
- (of) the false deities.
- فَقَٰتِلُوٓا۟
- So fight (against)
- أَوْلِيَآءَ
- (the) friends
- ٱلشَّيْطَٰنِ
- (of) the Shaitaan.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- كَيْدَ
- (the) strategy
- ٱلشَّيْطَٰنِ
- (of) the Shaitaan
- كَانَ
- is
- ضَعِيفًا
- weak.
- أَلَمْ
- Have not
- تَرَ
- you seen
- إِلَى
- [towards]
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- قِيلَ
- (when) it was said
- لَهُمْ
- to them,
- كُفُّوٓا۟
- “Restrain
- أَيْدِيَكُمْ
- your hands
- وَأَقِيمُوا۟
- and establish
- ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ
- the prayer
- وَءَاتُوا۟
- and give
- ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ
- the zakah?”
- فَلَمَّا
- Then when
- كُتِبَ
- was ordained
- عَلَيْهِمُ
- on them
- ٱلْقِتَالُ
- the fighting,
- إِذَا
- then
- فَرِيقٌ
- a group
- مِّنْهُمْ
- of them
- يَخْشَوْنَ
- [they] fear
- ٱلنَّاسَ
- the people
- كَخَشْيَةِ
- as (they) fear
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- أَوْ
- or
- أَشَدَّ
- more intense
- خَشْيَةً
- fear,
- وَقَالُوا۟
- and they said,
- رَبَّنَا
- “Our Lord
- لِمَ
- why
- كَتَبْتَ
- have You ordained
- عَلَيْنَا
- upon us
- ٱلْقِتَالَ
- [the] fighting?
- لَوْلَآ
- Why not
- أَخَّرْتَنَآ
- You postpone (it for) us
- إِلَىٰٓ
- to
- أَجَلٍ
- a term,
- قَرِيبٍ
- near.”
- قُلْ
- Say,
- مَتَٰعُ
- “Enjoyment
- ٱلدُّنْيَا
- (of) the world
- قَلِيلٌ
- (is) little
- وَٱلْءَاخِرَةُ
- and the Hereafter
- خَيْرٌ
- (is) better
- لِّمَنِ
- for whoever
- ٱتَّقَىٰ
- fears (Allah)
- وَلَا
- and not
- تُظْلَمُونَ
- you will be wronged
- فَتِيلًا
- (even as much as) a hair on a date-seed.”
- أَيْنَمَا
- Wherever
- تَكُونُوا۟
- you be
- يُدْرِككُّمُ
- will overtake you
- ٱلْمَوْتُ
- [the] death
- وَلَوْ
- even if
- كُنتُمْ
- you are
- فِى
- in
- بُرُوجٍ
- towers
- مُّشَيَّدَةٍ
- lofty.
- وَإِن
- And if
- تُصِبْهُمْ
- befalls them
- حَسَنَةٌ
- any good
- يَقُولُوا۟
- they say,
- هَٰذِهِۦ
- “This
- مِنْ
- (is)
- عِندِ
- from
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah.”
- سَيِّئَةٌ
- any evil
- عِندِكَ
- (from) you.”
- قُلْ
- Say,
- كُلٌّ
- “All
- مِّنْ
- (is)
- فَمَالِ
- So what (is wrong)
- هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ
- (with) these
- ٱلْقَوْمِ
- [the] people,
- لَا
- not
- يَكَادُونَ
- do they seem
- يَفْقَهُونَ
- (to) understand
- حَدِيثًا
- any statement.
- مَّآ
- What(ever)
- أَصَابَكَ
- befalls you
- مِنْ
- of
- حَسَنَةٍ
- (the) good
- فَمِنَ
- (is) from
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah,
- وَمَآ
- and whatever
- مِن
- of
- سَيِّئَةٍ
- (the) evil
- فَمِن
- (is) from
- نَّفْسِكَ
- yourself.
- وَأَرْسَلْنَٰكَ
- And We have sent you
- لِلنَّاسِ
- for the people
- رَسُولًا
- (as) a Messenger,
- وَكَفَىٰ
- and is sufficient
- بِٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- شَهِيدًا
- (as) a Witness.
- مَّن
- (He) who
- يُطِعِ
- obeys
- ٱلرَّسُولَ
- the Messenger
- فَقَدْ
- then surely
- أَطَاعَ
- he obeyed
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah,
- وَمَن
- and whoever
- تَوَلَّىٰ
- turns away –
- فَمَآ
- then not
- أَرْسَلْنَٰكَ
- We (have) sent you
- عَلَيْهِمْ
- over them
- حَفِيظًا
- (as) a guardian.
- وَيَقُولُونَ
- And they say,
- طَاعَةٌ
- “(We pledge) obedience.”
- فَإِذَا
- Then when
- بَرَزُوا۟
- they leave
- مِنْ
- from
- عِندِكَ
- you,
- بَيَّتَ
- plan by night
- طَآئِفَةٌ
- a group
- مِّنْهُمْ
- of them
- غَيْرَ
- other than
- ٱلَّذِى
- that which
- تَقُولُ
- you say.
- وَٱللَّهُ
- But Allah
- يَكْتُبُ
- records
- مَا
- what
- يُبَيِّتُونَ
- they plan by night.
- فَأَعْرِضْ
- So turn (away)
- عَنْهُمْ
- from them
- وَتَوَكَّلْ
- and put (your) trust
- عَلَى
- in
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah.
- وَكَفَىٰ
- And sufficient
- بِٱللَّهِ
- is Allah
- وَكِيلًا
- (as) a Trustee.
- أَفَلَا
- Then (do) not
- يَتَدَبَّرُونَ
- they ponder
- ٱلْقُرْءَانَ
- (on) the Quran?
- وَلَوْ
- And if
- كَانَ
- it had (been)
- مِنْ
- (of)
- عِندِ
- from
- غَيْرِ
- other than
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah,
- لَوَجَدُوا۟
- surely they (would have) found
- فِيهِ
- in it
- ٱخْتِلَٰفًا
- contradiction,
- كَثِيرًا
- much.
- وَإِذَا
- And when
- جَآءَهُمْ
- comes to them
- أَمْرٌ
- a matter
- مِّنَ
- of
- ٱلْأَمْنِ
- the security
- أَوِ
- or
- ٱلْخَوْفِ
- [the] fear
- أَذَاعُوا۟
- they spread
- بِهِۦ
- [with] it.
- وَلَوْ
- But if
- رَدُّوهُ
- they (had) referred it
- إِلَى
- to
- ٱلرَّسُولِ
- the Messenger
- وَإِلَىٰٓ
- and to
- أُو۟لِى
- those
- ٱلْأَمْرِ
- (having) authority
- مِنْهُمْ
- among them,
- لَعَلِمَهُ
- surely would have known it
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- يَسْتَنۢبِطُونَهُۥ
- draw correct conclusion (from) it
- مِنْهُمْ
- among them.
- وَلَوْلَا
- And if not
- فَضْلُ
- (had been the) bounty
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah
- عَلَيْكُمْ
- on you
- وَرَحْمَتُهُۥ
- and His Mercy,
- لَٱتَّبَعْتُمُ
- surely you (would have) followed
- ٱلشَّيْطَٰنَ
- the Shaitaan
- إِلَّا
- except
- قَلِيلًا
- a few.
- فَقَٰتِلْ
- So fight
- فِى
- in
- سَبِيلِ
- (the) way
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah;
- لَا
- not
- تُكَلَّفُ
- are you responsible
- إِلَّا
- except
- نَفْسَكَ
- (for) yourself.
- وَحَرِّضِ
- And encourage
- ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
- the believers,
- عَسَى
- perhaps
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- أَن
- will
- يَكُفَّ
- restrain
- بَأْسَ
- (the) might
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- (of) those who
- كَفَرُوا۟
- disbelieved.
- وَٱللَّهُ
- And Allah
- أَشَدُّ
- (is) Stronger
- بَأْسًا
- (in) Might
- وَأَشَدُّ
- and Stronger
- تَنكِيلًا
- (in) punishment.
- مَّن
- Whoever
- يَشْفَعْ
- intercedes –
- شَفَٰعَةً
- an intercession
- حَسَنَةً
- good,
- يَكُن
- will have
- لَّهُۥ
- for him
- نَصِيبٌ
- a share
- مِّنْهَا
- of it;
- وَمَن
- and whoever
- سَيِّئَةً
- evil,
- كِفْلٌ
- a portion
- مِّنْهَا
- of it.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- عَلَىٰ
- on
- كُلِّ
- every
- شَىْءٍ
- thing
- مُّقِيتًا
- a Keeper.
- وَإِذَا
- And when
- حُيِّيتُم
- you are greeted
- بِتَحِيَّةٍ
- with a greeting,
- فَحَيُّوا۟
- then greet
- بِأَحْسَنَ
- with better
- مِنْهَآ
- than it
- أَوْ
- or
- رُدُّوهَآ
- return it.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- عَلَىٰ
- of
- كُلِّ
- every
- شَىْءٍ
- thing
- حَسِيبًا
- an Accountant.
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah –
- لَآ
- (there is) no
- إِلَٰهَ
- god
- إِلَّا
- except
- هُوَ
- Him,
- لَيَجْمَعَنَّكُمْ
- surely He will gather you
- إِلَىٰ
- to
- يَوْمِ
- (the) Day
- ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ
- (of) Resurrection –
- لَا
- no
- رَيْبَ
- doubt
- فِيهِ
- about it.
- وَمَنْ
- And who
- أَصْدَقُ
- (is) more truthful
- مِنَ
- than
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- حَدِيثًا
- (in) statement.
- فَمَا
- So what
- لَكُمْ
- (is the matter) with you
- فِى
- concerning
- ٱلْمُنَٰفِقِينَ
- the hypocrites (that)
- فِئَتَيْنِ
- (you have become) two parties?
- وَٱللَّهُ
- While Allah
- أَرْكَسَهُم
- cast them back
- بِمَا
- for what
- كَسَبُوٓا۟
- they earned.
- أَتُرِيدُونَ
- Do you wish
- أَن
- that
- تَهْدُوا۟
- you guide
- مَنْ
- whom
- أَضَلَّ
- is let astray
- ٱللَّهُ
- (by) Allah?
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يُضْلِلِ
- is let astray
- ٱللَّهُ
- (by) Allah,
- فَلَن
- then never
- تَجِدَ
- will you find
- لَهُۥ
- for him
- سَبِيلًا
- a way.
- وَدُّوا۟
- They wish
- لَوْ
- if
- تَكْفُرُونَ
- you disbelieve
- كَمَا
- as
- كَفَرُوا۟
- they disbelieved
- فَتَكُونُونَ
- and you would be
- سَوَآءً
- alike.
- فَلَا
- So (do) not
- تَتَّخِذُوا۟
- take
- مِنْهُمْ
- from them
- أَوْلِيَآءَ
- allies
- حَتَّىٰ
- until
- يُهَاجِرُوا۟
- they emigrate
- فِى
- in
- سَبِيلِ
- (the) way
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah.
- فَإِن
- But if
- تَوَلَّوْا۟
- they turn back,
- فَخُذُوهُمْ
- seize them
- وَٱقْتُلُوهُمْ
- and kill them
- حَيْثُ
- wherever
- وَجَدتُّمُوهُمْ
- you find them.
- وَلَا
- And (do) not
- وَلِيًّا
- any ally
- وَلَا
- and not
- نَصِيرًا
- any helper,
- إِلَّا
- Except
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- يَصِلُونَ
- join
- إِلَىٰ
- [to]
- قَوْمٍۭ
- a group
- بَيْنَكُمْ
- between you
- وَبَيْنَهُم
- and between them
- مِّيثَٰقٌ
- (is) a treaty
- أَوْ
- or
- جَآءُوكُمْ
- those who come to you
- حَصِرَتْ
- restraining
- صُدُورُهُمْ
- their hearts
- أَن
- that
- يُقَٰتِلُوكُمْ
- they fight you
- يُقَٰتِلُوا۟
- they fight
- قَوْمَهُمْ
- their people.
- وَلَوْ
- And if
- شَآءَ
- (had) willed
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah,
- لَسَلَّطَهُمْ
- surely He (would have) given them power
- عَلَيْكُمْ
- over you,
- فَلَقَٰتَلُوكُمْ
- and surely they (would have) fought you.
- فَإِنِ
- So if
- ٱعْتَزَلُوكُمْ
- they withdraw from you
- فَلَمْ
- and (do) not
- يُقَٰتِلُوكُمْ
- fight against you
- وَأَلْقَوْا۟
- and offer
- إِلَيْكُمُ
- to you
- ٱلسَّلَمَ
- [the] peace
- فَمَا
- then not
- جَعَلَ
- (has) made
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- لَكُمْ
- for you
- عَلَيْهِمْ
- against them
- سَبِيلًا
- a way.
- سَتَجِدُونَ
- You will find
- ءَاخَرِينَ
- others
- يُرِيدُونَ
- wishing
- أَن
- that
- يَأْمَنُوكُمْ
- they be secure from you
- وَيَأْمَنُوا۟
- and they be secure from
- قَوْمَهُمْ
- their people,
- كُلَّ
- Everytime
- مَا
- that
- رُدُّوٓا۟
- they are returned
- إِلَى
- to
- ٱلْفِتْنَةِ
- the temptation,
- أُرْكِسُوا۟
- they are plunged
- فِيهَا
- into it.
- فَإِن
- So if
- لَّمْ
- not
- يَعْتَزِلُوكُمْ
- they withdraw from you
- وَيُلْقُوٓا۟
- and offer
- إِلَيْكُمُ
- to you
- ٱلسَّلَمَ
- [the] peace
- وَيَكُفُّوٓا۟
- and they restrain
- أَيْدِيَهُمْ
- their hands,
- فَخُذُوهُمْ
- then seize them
- وَٱقْتُلُوهُمْ
- and kill them
- حَيْثُ
- wherever
- ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ
- you find them.
- وَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكُمْ
- And those –
- جَعَلْنَا
- We made
- لَكُمْ
- for you
- عَلَيْهِمْ
- against them
- سُلْطَٰنًا
- an authority
- مُّبِينًا
- clear.
- وَمَا
- And not
- كَانَ
- is
- لِمُؤْمِنٍ
- for a believer
- أَن
- that
- يَقْتُلَ
- he kills
- مُؤْمِنًا
- a believer
- إِلَّا
- except
- خَطَـًٔا
- (by) mistake.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- قَتَلَ
- killed
- خَطَـًٔا
- (by) mistake,
- فَتَحْرِيرُ
- then freeing
- رَقَبَةٍ
- (of) a slave
- مُّؤْمِنَةٍ
- – believing
- وَدِيَةٌ
- and blood money
- مُّسَلَّمَةٌ
- (is to be) paid
- إِلَىٰٓ
- to
- أَهْلِهِۦٓ
- his family
- إِلَّآ
- unless
- يَصَّدَّقُوا۟
- they remit (as) charity.
- فَإِن
- But if
- كَانَ
- (he) was
- مِن
- from
- قَوْمٍ
- a people
- عَدُوٍّ
- hostile
- لَّكُمْ
- to you
- وَهُوَ
- and he was
- مُؤْمِنٌ
- a believer
- رَقَبَةٍ
- (of) a believing slave.
- مُّؤْمِنَةٍ
- – believing.
- وَإِن
- And if
- قَوْمٍۭ
- a people
- بَيْنَكُمْ
- between you
- وَبَيْنَهُم
- and between them,
- مِّيثَٰقٌ
- (is) a treaty,
- فَدِيَةٌ
- then blood money
- أَهْلِهِۦ
- his family,
- وَتَحْرِيرُ
- and freeing
- فَمَن
- And whoever
- لَّمْ
- (does) not
- يَجِدْ
- find,
- فَصِيَامُ
- then fasting
- شَهْرَيْنِ
- (for) two months
- مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ
- consecutively,
- تَوْبَةً
- (seeking) repentance
- مِّنَ
- from
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah,
- وَكَانَ
- and is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- عَلِيمًا
- All-Knowing,
- حَكِيمًا
- All-Wise.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يَقْتُلْ
- kills
- مُؤْمِنًا
- a believer
- مُّتَعَمِّدًا
- intentionally
- فَجَزَآؤُهُۥ
- then his recompense
- جَهَنَّمُ
- (is) Hell,
- خَٰلِدًا
- abiding forever
- فِيهَا
- in it
- وَغَضِبَ
- and will fall the wrath
- ٱللَّهُ
- (of) Allah
- عَلَيْهِ
- on him
- وَلَعَنَهُۥ
- and He (will) curse him
- وَأَعَدَّ
- and He has prepared
- لَهُۥ
- for him
- عَذَابًا
- a punishment
- عَظِيمًا
- great.
- يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
- O you
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- who
- ءَامَنُوٓا۟
- believe[d]!
- إِذَا
- When
- ضَرَبْتُمْ
- you go forth
- فِى
- in
- سَبِيلِ
- (the) way
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah
- فَتَبَيَّنُوا۟
- then investigate,
- وَلَا
- and (do) not
- تَقُولُوا۟
- say
- لِمَنْ
- to (the one) who
- أَلْقَىٰٓ
- offers
- إِلَيْكُمُ
- to you
- ٱلسَّلَٰمَ
- (a greeting of) peace,
- لَسْتَ
- “You are not
- مُؤْمِنًا
- a believer,”
- تَبْتَغُونَ
- seeking
- عَرَضَ
- transitory gains
- ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ
- (of) the life
- ٱلدُّنْيَا
- (of) the world,
- فَعِندَ
- for with
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- مَغَانِمُ
- (are) booties
- كَثِيرَةٌ
- abundant.
- كَذَٰلِكَ
- Like that
- كُنتُم
- you were
- مِّن
- from
- قَبْلُ
- before,
- فَمَنَّ
- then conferred favor
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- عَلَيْكُمْ
- upon you;
- فَتَبَيَّنُوٓا۟
- so investigate.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- بِمَا
- of what
- تَعْمَلُونَ
- you do
- خَبِيرًا
- All-Aware.
- لَّا
- Not
- يَسْتَوِى
- (are) equal
- ٱلْقَٰعِدُونَ
- the ones who sit
- مِنَ
- among
- ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
- the believers,
- غَيْرُ
- other than
- أُو۟لِى
- the ones (who are)
- ٱلضَّرَرِ
- [the] disabled,
- وَٱلْمُجَٰهِدُونَ
- and the ones who strive
- فِى
- in
- سَبِيلِ
- (the) way
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah
- بِأَمْوَٰلِهِمْ
- with their wealth
- وَأَنفُسِهِمْ
- and their lives.
- فَضَّلَ
- Preferred
- ٱللَّهُ
- (has) Allah
- ٱلْمُجَٰهِدِينَ
- the ones who strive
- وَأَنفُسِهِمْ
- and their lives
- عَلَى
- to
- ٱلْقَٰعِدِينَ
- the ones who sit
- دَرَجَةً
- (in) rank.
- وَكُلًّا
- And (to) all
- وَعَدَ
- promised
- ٱلْحُسْنَىٰ
- the best.
- وَفَضَّلَ
- preferred
- عَلَى
- over
- أَجْرًا
- (with) a reward
- عَظِيمًا
- great,
- دَرَجَٰتٍ
- Ranks
- مِّنْهُ
- from Him
- وَمَغْفِرَةً
- and forgiveness,
- وَرَحْمَةً
- and mercy.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- غَفُورًا
- Oft-Forgiving,
- رَّحِيمًا
- Most Merciful.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those whom –
- تَوَفَّىٰهُمُ
- take them (in death)
- ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ
- the Angels
- ظَالِمِىٓ
- (while) they (were) wronging
- أَنفُسِهِمْ
- themselves
- قَالُوا۟
- they say,
- فِيمَ
- “In what (condition)
- كُنتُمْ
- were you?”
- قَالُوا۟
- They said,
- كُنَّا
- “We were
- مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ
- oppressed
- فِى
- in
- ٱلْأَرْضِ
- the earth.”
- قَالُوٓا۟
- They said,
- أَلَمْ
- “Not
- تَكُنْ
- was
- أَرْضُ
- (the) earth
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah
- وَٰسِعَةً
- spacious (enough)
- فَتُهَاجِرُوا۟
- so that you (could) emigrate
- فِيهَا
- in it?”
- فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
- Then those
- مَأْوَىٰهُمْ
- (will have) their abode
- جَهَنَّمُ
- (in) Hell –
- وَسَآءَتْ
- and it is an evil
- مَصِيرًا
- destination.
- إِلَّا
- Except
- ٱلْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ
- the oppressed
- مِنَ
- among
- ٱلرِّجَالِ
- the men
- وَٱلنِّسَآءِ
- and the women
- وَٱلْوِلْدَٰنِ
- and the children
- لَا
- (who) not
- يَسْتَطِيعُونَ
- are able to
- حِيلَةً
- plan
- وَلَا
- and not
- يَهْتَدُونَ
- they are directed
- سَبِيلًا
- (to) a way.
- فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
- Then those,
- عَسَى
- may be,
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- أَن
- will
- يَعْفُوَ
- pardon
- عَنْهُمْ
- [on] them,
- وَكَانَ
- and is
- عَفُوًّا
- Oft-Pardoning,
- غَفُورًا
- Oft-Forgiving.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يُهَاجِرْ
- emigrates
- فِى
- in
- سَبِيلِ
- (the) way
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah,
- يَجِدْ
- will find
- ٱلْأَرْضِ
- the earth
- مُرَٰغَمًا
- place(s) of refuge –
- كَثِيرًا
- many,
- وَسَعَةً
- and abundance.
- يَخْرُجْ
- leaves
- مِنۢ
- from
- بَيْتِهِۦ
- his home
- مُهَاجِرًا
- (as) an emigrant
- إِلَى
- to
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- وَرَسُولِهِۦ
- and His Messenger,
- ثُمَّ
- then
- يُدْرِكْهُ
- overtakes him
- ٱلْمَوْتُ
- [the] death,
- فَقَدْ
- then certainly
- وَقَعَ
- (became) incumbent
- أَجْرُهُۥ
- his reward
- عَلَى
- on
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- غَفُورًا
- Oft-Forgiving,
- رَّحِيمًا
- Most Merciful.
- وَإِذَا
- And when
- ضَرَبْتُمْ
- you travel
- فِى
- in
- ٱلْأَرْضِ
- the earth
- فَلَيْسَ
- then not
- عَلَيْكُمْ
- upon you
- جُنَاحٌ
- (is) any blame
- أَن
- that
- تَقْصُرُوا۟
- you shorten
- مِنَ
- [of]
- ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ
- the prayer
- إِنْ
- if
- خِفْتُمْ
- you fear
- يَفْتِنَكُمُ
- (may) harm you
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- كَفَرُوٓا۟
- disbelieved.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ
- the disbelievers
- كَانُوا۟
- are
- لَكُمْ
- for you
- عَدُوًّا
- an enemy
- مُّبِينًا
- open.
- وَإِذَا
- And when
- كُنتَ
- you are
- فِيهِمْ
- among them
- فَأَقَمْتَ
- and you lead
- لَهُمُ
- for them
- ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ
- the prayer,
- فَلْتَقُمْ
- then let stand
- طَآئِفَةٌ
- a group
- مِّنْهُم
- of them
- مَّعَكَ
- with you
- وَلْيَأْخُذُوٓا۟
- and let them take
- أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ
- their arms.
- فَإِذَا
- Then when
- سَجَدُوا۟
- they have prostrated,
- فَلْيَكُونُوا۟
- then let them be
- مِن
- from
- وَرَآئِكُمْ
- behind you
- وَلْتَأْتِ
- and let come (forward)
- طَآئِفَةٌ
- a group –
- أُخْرَىٰ
- other,
- لَمْ
- (which has) not
- يُصَلُّوا۟
- prayed,
- فَلْيُصَلُّوا۟
- and let them pray
- مَعَكَ
- with you
- وَلْيَأْخُذُوا۟
- and let them take
- حِذْرَهُمْ
- their precautions
- وَأَسْلِحَتَهُمْ
- and their arms.
- وَدَّ
- Wished
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- كَفَرُوا۟
- disbelieved
- لَوْ
- if
- تَغْفُلُونَ
- you neglect
- عَنْ
- [about]
- أَسْلِحَتِكُمْ
- your arms
- وَأَمْتِعَتِكُمْ
- and your baggage,
- فَيَمِيلُونَ
- so (that) they (can) assault
- عَلَيْكُم
- [upon] you
- مَّيْلَةً
- (in) an attack,
- وَٰحِدَةً
- single.
- وَلَا
- But (there is) no
- جُنَاحَ
- blame
- عَلَيْكُمْ
- upon you
- إِن
- if
- كَانَ
- was
- بِكُمْ
- with you
- أَذًى
- any trouble
- مِّن
- (because) of
- مَّطَرٍ
- rain
- أَوْ
- or
- كُنتُم
- you are
- مَّرْضَىٰٓ
- sick
- أَن
- that
- تَضَعُوٓا۟
- you lay down
- أَسْلِحَتَكُمْ
- your arms,
- وَخُذُوا۟
- but take
- حِذْرَكُمْ
- your precautions.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- أَعَدَّ
- has prepared
- لِلْكَٰفِرِينَ
- for the disbelievers
- عَذَابًا
- a punishment
- مُّهِينًا
- humiliating.
- فَإِذَا
- Then when
- قَضَيْتُمُ
- you (have) finished
- ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ
- the prayer,
- فَٱذْكُرُوا۟
- then remember
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- قِيَٰمًا
- standing
- وَقُعُودًا
- and sitting
- وَعَلَىٰ
- and (lying) on
- جُنُوبِكُمْ
- your sides.
- فَإِذَا
- But when
- ٱطْمَأْنَنتُمْ
- you are secure
- فَأَقِيمُوا۟
- then establish
- ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ
- the (regular) prayer.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ
- the prayer
- كَانَتْ
- is
- عَلَى
- on
- ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
- the believers
- كِتَٰبًا
- prescribed
- مَّوْقُوتًا
- (at) fixed times.
- وَلَا
- And (do) not
- تَهِنُوا۟
- be weak
- فِى
- in
- ٱبْتِغَآءِ
- pursuit
- ٱلْقَوْمِ
- (of) the people.
- إِن
- If
- تَكُونُوا۟
- you are
- تَأْلَمُونَ
- suffering,
- فَإِنَّهُمْ
- then indeed, they
- يَأْلَمُونَ
- are (also) suffering
- كَمَا
- like what
- تَأْلَمُونَ
- you are suffering,
- وَتَرْجُونَ
- while you (have) hope
- مِنَ
- from
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- مَا
- what
- لَا
- not
- يَرْجُونَ
- they hope.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- عَلِيمًا
- All-Knowing,
- حَكِيمًا
- All-Wise.
- إِنَّآ
- Indeed,
- أَنزَلْنَآ
- We (have) sent down
- إِلَيْكَ
- to you
- ٱلْكِتَٰبَ
- the Book
- بِٱلْحَقِّ
- with the truth
- لِتَحْكُمَ
- so that you may judge
- بَيْنَ
- between
- ٱلنَّاسِ
- the people
- بِمَآ
- with what
- أَرَىٰكَ
- has shown you
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah.
- وَلَا
- And (do) not
- تَكُن
- be
- لِّلْخَآئِنِينَ
- for the deceitful
- خَصِيمًا
- a pleader.
- وَٱسْتَغْفِرِ
- And seek forgiveness
- ٱللَّهَ
- (of) Allah.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- غَفُورًا
- Oft-Forgiving,
- رَّحِيمًا
- Most Merciful.
- وَلَا
- And (do) not
- تُجَٰدِلْ
- argue
- عَنِ
- for
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- يَخْتَانُونَ
- deceive
- أَنفُسَهُمْ
- themselves.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- لَا
- (does) not
- يُحِبُّ
- love
- مَن
- (the one) who
- كَانَ
- is
- خَوَّانًا
- treacherous
- أَثِيمًا
- (and) sinful.
- يَسْتَخْفُونَ
- They seek to hide
- مِنَ
- from
- ٱلنَّاسِ
- the people
- وَلَا
- but not
- يَسْتَخْفُونَ
- (can) they hide
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- وَهُوَ
- and He
- مَعَهُمْ
- (is) with them
- إِذْ
- when
- يُبَيِّتُونَ
- they plot by night
- مَا
- what
- لَا
- not
- يَرْضَىٰ
- (does) he approve
- مِنَ
- of
- ٱلْقَوْلِ
- the word.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- بِمَا
- of what
- يَعْمَلُونَ
- they do –
- مُحِيطًا
- All-Encompassing.
- هَٰٓأَنتُمْ
- Here you are –
- هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ
- those who
- جَٰدَلْتُمْ
- [you] argue
- عَنْهُمْ
- for them
- فِى
- in
- ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ
- the life
- ٱلدُّنْيَا
- (of) the world,
- فَمَن
- but who
- يُجَٰدِلُ
- will argue
- ٱللَّهَ
- (with) Allah
- يَوْمَ
- (on the) Day
- ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ
- (of) [the] Resurrection
- أَم
- or
- مَّن
- who
- يَكُونُ
- will be
- عَلَيْهِمْ
- [over them]
- وَكِيلًا
- (their) defender.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يَعْمَلْ
- does
- سُوٓءًا
- evil
- أَوْ
- or
- يَظْلِمْ
- wrongs
- نَفْسَهُۥ
- his soul
- ثُمَّ
- then
- يَسْتَغْفِرِ
- seeks forgiveness
- ٱللَّهَ
- (of) Allah
- يَجِدِ
- he will find
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- غَفُورًا
- Oft-Forgiving,
- رَّحِيمًا
- Most Merciful.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يَكْسِبْ
- earns
- إِثْمًا
- sin,
- فَإِنَّمَا
- then only
- يَكْسِبُهُۥ
- he earns it
- عَلَىٰ
- against
- نَفْسِهِۦ
- his soul.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- عَلِيمًا
- All-Knowing,
- حَكِيمًا
- All-Wise.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يَكْسِبْ
- earns
- خَطِيٓـَٔةً
- a fault
- أَوْ
- or
- إِثْمًا
- a sin
- ثُمَّ
- then
- يَرْمِ
- throws
- بِهِۦ
- it
- بَرِيٓـًٔا
- (on) an innocent,
- فَقَدِ
- then surely
- ٱحْتَمَلَ
- he (has) burdened (himself)
- بُهْتَٰنًا
- (with) a slander
- وَإِثْمًا
- and a sin
- مُّبِينًا
- manifest.
- وَلَوْلَا
- And if not
- فَضْلُ
- (for the) Grace
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah
- عَلَيْكَ
- upon you
- وَرَحْمَتُهُۥ
- and His Mercy –
- لَهَمَّت
- surely (had) resolved
- طَّآئِفَةٌ
- a group
- مِّنْهُمْ
- of them
- أَن
- to
- يُضِلُّوكَ
- mislead you.
- وَمَا
- But not
- يُضِلُّونَ
- they mislead
- إِلَّآ
- except
- أَنفُسَهُمْ
- themselves,
- وَمَا
- and not
- يَضُرُّونَكَ
- they will harm you
- مِن
- in
- شَىْءٍ
- anything.
- وَأَنزَلَ
- And has sent down
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- عَلَيْكَ
- to you
- ٱلْكِتَٰبَ
- the Book
- وَٱلْحِكْمَةَ
- and [the] Wisdom
- وَعَلَّمَكَ
- and taught you
- مَا
- what
- لَمْ
- not
- تَكُن
- you did
- تَعْلَمُ
- know.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- فَضْلُ
- (the) Grace
- عَظِيمًا
- great.
- لَّا
- (There is) no
- خَيْرَ
- good
- فِى
- in
- كَثِيرٍ
- much
- مِّن
- of
- نَّجْوَىٰهُمْ
- their secret talk
- إِلَّا
- except
- مَنْ
- (he) who
- أَمَرَ
- orders
- بِصَدَقَةٍ
- charity
- أَوْ
- or
- مَعْرُوفٍ
- kindness
- إِصْلَٰحٍۭ
- conciliation
- بَيْنَ
- between
- ٱلنَّاسِ
- the people.
- وَمَن
- And who
- يَفْعَلْ
- does
- ذَٰلِكَ
- that
- ٱبْتِغَآءَ
- seeking
- مَرْضَاتِ
- pleasure
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah
- فَسَوْفَ
- then soon
- نُؤْتِيهِ
- We will give him
- أَجْرًا
- a reward
- عَظِيمًا
- great.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يُشَاقِقِ
- opposes
- ٱلرَّسُولَ
- the Messenger
- مِنۢ
- from
- بَعْدِ
- after
- مَا
- what
- تَبَيَّنَ
- (has) become clear
- لَهُ
- to him
- ٱلْهُدَىٰ
- (of) the guidance,
- وَيَتَّبِعْ
- and he follows
- غَيْرَ
- other than
- سَبِيلِ
- (the) way
- ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
- (of) the believers,
- نُوَلِّهِۦ
- We will turn him
- مَا
- (to) what
- تَوَلَّىٰ
- he (has) turned
- وَنُصْلِهِۦ
- and We will burn him
- جَهَنَّمَ
- (in) Hell
- وَسَآءَتْ
- and evil it is
- مَصِيرًا
- (as) a destination.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- لَا
- does not
- يَغْفِرُ
- forgive
- أَن
- that
- يُشْرَكَ
- partners be associated
- بِهِۦ
- with Him,
- وَيَغْفِرُ
- but He forgives
- مَا
- [what]
- دُونَ
- other than
- ذَٰلِكَ
- that
- لِمَن
- for whom
- يَشَآءُ
- He wills.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يُشْرِكْ
- associates partners
- بِٱللَّهِ
- with Allah
- فَقَدْ
- then surely
- ضَلَّ
- he lost (the) way,
- ضَلَٰلًۢا
- straying
- بَعِيدًا
- far away.
- إِن
- Not
- يَدْعُونَ
- they invoke
- مِن
- from
- دُونِهِۦٓ
- besides Him
- إِلَّآ
- but
- إِنَٰثًا
- female (deities)
- وَإِن
- and not
- إِلَّا
- except
- شَيْطَٰنًا
- Shaitaan –
- مَّرِيدًا
- rebellious.
- لَّعَنَهُ
- He was cursed
- ٱللَّهُ
- by Allah
- وَقَالَ
- and he said,
- لَأَتَّخِذَنَّ
- “I will surely take
- مِنْ
- from
- عِبَادِكَ
- your slaves
- نَصِيبًا
- a portion
- مَّفْرُوضًا
- appointed.”
- وَلَأُضِلَّنَّهُمْ
- “And I will surely mislead them
- وَلَأُمَنِّيَنَّهُمْ
- and surely arouse desires in them,
- وَلَءَامُرَنَّهُمْ
- and surely I will order them
- فَلَيُبَتِّكُنَّ
- so they will surely cut off
- ءَاذَانَ
- (the) ears
- ٱلْأَنْعَٰمِ
- (of) the cattle
- فَلَيُغَيِّرُنَّ
- so they will surely change
- خَلْقَ
- (the) creation
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah.”
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يَتَّخِذِ
- takes
- ٱلشَّيْطَٰنَ
- the Shaitaan
- وَلِيًّا
- (as) a friend
- مِّن
- from
- دُونِ
- besides
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah,
- فَقَدْ
- then surely
- خَسِرَ
- he (has) lost –
- خُسْرَانًا
- a loss
- مُّبِينًا
- manifest.
- يَعِدُهُمْ
- He promises them
- وَيُمَنِّيهِمْ
- and arouses desires in them
- وَمَا
- and not
- يَعِدُهُمُ
- promises them
- ٱلشَّيْطَٰنُ
- the Shaitaan –
- إِلَّا
- except
- غُرُورًا
- deception.
- أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
- Those –
- مَأْوَىٰهُمْ
- their abode
- جَهَنَّمُ
- (is) Hell
- وَلَا
- and not
- يَجِدُونَ
- they will find
- عَنْهَا
- from it
- مَحِيصًا
- any escape.
- وَٱلَّذِينَ
- And those who
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- believe[d]
- وَعَمِلُوا۟
- and do
- ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ
- [the] righteous deeds
- سَنُدْخِلُهُمْ
- We will admit them
- جَنَّٰتٍ
- (in) Gardens
- تَجْرِى
- flow
- مِن
- from
- تَحْتِهَا
- underneath it
- ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ
- the rivers,
- خَٰلِدِينَ
- will abide
- فِيهَآ
- in it
- أَبَدًا
- forever.
- وَعْدَ
- A Promise
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah
- حَقًّا
- (in) truth,
- وَمَنْ
- and who
- أَصْدَقُ
- (is) truer
- مِنَ
- than
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- قِيلًا
- (in) statement?
- لَّيْسَ
- Not
- بِأَمَانِيِّكُمْ
- by your desire
- وَلَآ
- and not
- أَمَانِىِّ
- (by the) desire
- أَهْلِ
- (of the) People
- ٱلْكِتَٰبِ
- (of) the Book.
- مَن
- Whoever
- يَعْمَلْ
- does
- سُوٓءًا
- evil
- يُجْزَ
- will be recompensed
- بِهِۦ
- for it
- وَلَا
- and not
- يَجِدْ
- he will find
- لَهُۥ
- for him
- مِن
- from
- دُونِ
- besides
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- وَلِيًّا
- any protector
- نَصِيرًا
- any helper.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يَعْمَلْ
- does
- مِنَ
- [of]
- ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ
- [the] righteous deeds
- مِن
- from
- ذَكَرٍ
- (the) male
- أَوْ
- or
- أُنثَىٰ
- female,
- وَهُوَ
- and he
- مُؤْمِنٌ
- (is) a believer,
- فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
- then those
- يَدْخُلُونَ
- will enter
- ٱلْجَنَّةَ
- Paradise
- وَلَا
- and not
- يُظْلَمُونَ
- they will be wronged
- نَقِيرًا
- (even as much as) the speck on a date-seed.
- وَمَنْ
- And who
- أَحْسَنُ
- (is) better
- دِينًا
- (in) religion
- مِّمَّنْ
- than (one) who
- أَسْلَمَ
- submits
- وَجْهَهُۥ
- his face
- لِلَّهِ
- to Allah
- وَهُوَ
- and he
- مُحْسِنٌ
- (is) a good-doer
- وَٱتَّبَعَ
- and follows
- مِلَّةَ
- (the) religion
- إِبْرَٰهِيمَ
- (of) Ibrahim
- حَنِيفًا
- (the) upright?
- وَٱتَّخَذَ
- And was taken
- ٱللَّهُ
- (by) Allah
- إِبْرَٰهِيمَ
- Ibrahim
- خَلِيلًا
- (as) a friend.
- وَلِلَّهِ
- And for Allah
- مَا
- (is) what
- فِى
- (is) in
- ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ
- the heavens
- وَمَا
- and what
- ٱلْأَرْضِ
- the earth,
- وَكَانَ
- and is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- بِكُلِّ
- of every
- شَىْءٍ
- thing
- مُّحِيطًا
- All-Encompassing.
- وَيَسْتَفْتُونَكَ
- And they seek your ruling
- فِى
- concerning
- ٱلنِّسَآءِ
- the women.
- قُلِ
- Say,
- ٱللَّهُ
- “Allah
- يُفْتِيكُمْ
- gives you the ruling
- فِيهِنَّ
- about them
- وَمَا
- and what
- يُتْلَىٰ
- is recited
- عَلَيْكُمْ
- to you
- فِى
- in
- ٱلْكِتَٰبِ
- the Book
- يَتَٰمَى
- orphans
- ٱلنِّسَآءِ
- (of) girls
- ٱلَّٰتِى
- (to) whom
- لَا
- not
- تُؤْتُونَهُنَّ
- (do) you give them
- مَا
- what
- كُتِبَ
- is ordained
- لَهُنَّ
- for them
- وَتَرْغَبُونَ
- and you desire
- أَن
- to
- تَنكِحُوهُنَّ
- marry them,
- وَٱلْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ
- and the ones who are weak
- مِنَ
- of
- ٱلْوِلْدَٰنِ
- the children
- وَأَن
- and to
- تَقُومُوا۟
- stand
- لِلْيَتَٰمَىٰ
- for orphans
- بِٱلْقِسْطِ
- with justice.
- وَمَا
- And whatever
- تَفْعَلُوا۟
- you do
- مِنْ
- of
- خَيْرٍ
- good
- فَإِنَّ
- then indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- بِهِۦ
- about it
- عَلِيمًا
- All-Knowing.
- وَإِنِ
- And if
- ٱمْرَأَةٌ
- a woman
- خَافَتْ
- fears
- مِنۢ
- from
- بَعْلِهَا
- her husband
- نُشُوزًا
- ill-conduct
- أَوْ
- or
- إِعْرَاضًا
- desertion
- فَلَا
- then (there is) no
- جُنَاحَ
- sin
- عَلَيْهِمَآ
- on both of them
- أَن
- that
- يُصْلِحَا
- they make terms of peace
- بَيْنَهُمَا
- between themselves –
- صُلْحًا
- a reconciliation
- وَٱلصُّلْحُ
- and [the] reconciliation
- خَيْرٌ
- (is) best.
- وَأُحْضِرَتِ
- And are swayed
- ٱلْأَنفُسُ
- the souls
- ٱلشُّحَّ
- (by) greed.
- وَإِن
- But if
- تُحْسِنُوا۟
- you do good
- وَتَتَّقُوا۟
- and fear (Allah),
- فَإِنَّ
- then indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- بِمَا
- of what
- تَعْمَلُونَ
- you do
- خَبِيرًا
- All-Aware.
- وَلَن
- And never
- تَسْتَطِيعُوٓا۟
- will you be able
- أَن
- to
- تَعْدِلُوا۟
- deal justly
- بَيْنَ
- between
- ٱلنِّسَآءِ
- [the] women
- وَلَوْ
- even if
- حَرَصْتُمْ
- you desired,
- فَلَا
- but (do) not
- تَمِيلُوا۟
- incline
- كُلَّ
- (with) all
- ٱلْمَيْلِ
- the inclination
- فَتَذَرُوهَا
- and leave her (the other)
- كَٱلْمُعَلَّقَةِ
- like the suspended one.
- وَإِن
- And if
- تُصْلِحُوا۟
- you reconcile
- وَتَتَّقُوا۟
- and fear (Allah)
- فَإِنَّ
- then indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- غَفُورًا
- Oft-Forgiving,
- رَّحِيمًا
- Most Merciful.
- وَإِن
- And if
- يَتَفَرَّقَا
- they separate,
- يُغْنِ
- will be enriched
- ٱللَّهُ
- (by) Allah
- كُلًّا
- each (of them)
- مِّن
- from
- سَعَتِهِۦ
- His abundance,
- وَكَانَ
- and is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- وَٰسِعًا
- All-Encompassing,
- حَكِيمًا
- All-Wise.
- وَلِلَّهِ
- And for Allah
- مَا
- (is) whatever
- فِى
- (is) in
- ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ
- the heavens
- وَمَا
- and whatever
- ٱلْأَرْضِ
- the earth.
- وَلَقَدْ
- And surely
- وَصَّيْنَا
- We have instructed
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- أُوتُوا۟
- were given
- ٱلْكِتَٰبَ
- the Book
- مِن
- from
- قَبْلِكُمْ
- before you
- وَإِيَّاكُمْ
- and yourselves
- أَنِ
- that
- ٱتَّقُوا۟
- you fear
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah.
- وَإِن
- But if
- تَكْفُرُوا۟
- you disbelieve –
- فَإِنَّ
- then indeed
- لِلَّهِ
- for Allah
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- غَنِيًّا
- Free of need,
- حَمِيدًا
- Praiseworthy.
- وَلِلَّهِ
- And for Allah
- مَا
- (is) whatever
- فِى
- (is) in
- ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ
- the heavens
- وَمَا
- and whatever
- ٱلْأَرْضِ
- the earth.
- وَكَفَىٰ
- And is sufficient
- بِٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- وَكِيلًا
- (as) a Disposer of affairs.
- إِن
- If
- يَشَأْ
- He wills
- يُذْهِبْكُمْ
- He can take you away
- أَيُّهَا
- O
- ٱلنَّاسُ
- people,
- وَيَأْتِ
- and bring
- بِـَٔاخَرِينَ
- others.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- عَلَىٰ
- over
- ذَٰلِكَ
- that
- قَدِيرًا
- All-Powerful.
- مَّن
- Whoever
- كَانَ
- [is]
- يُرِيدُ
- desires
- ثَوَابَ
- reward
- ٱلدُّنْيَا
- (of) the world –
- فَعِندَ
- then with
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- ثَوَابُ
- (is the) reward
- ٱلدُّنْيَا
- (of) the world
- وَٱلْءَاخِرَةِ
- and the Hereafter.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- سَمِيعًۢا
- All-Hearing,
- بَصِيرًا
- All-Seeing.
- يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
- O you
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- who
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- believe[d]!
- كُونُوا۟
- Be
- قَوَّٰمِينَ
- custodians
- بِٱلْقِسْطِ
- of justice
- شُهَدَآءَ
- (as) witnesses
- لِلَّهِ
- to Allah,
- وَلَوْ
- even if
- عَلَىٰٓ
- (it is) against
- أَنفُسِكُمْ
- yourselves
- أَوِ
- or
- ٱلْوَٰلِدَيْنِ
- the parents
- وَٱلْأَقْرَبِينَ
- and the relatives.
- إِن
- if
- يَكُنْ
- he be
- غَنِيًّا
- rich
- أَوْ
- or
- فَقِيرًا
- poor,
- فَٱللَّهُ
- for Allah
- أَوْلَىٰ
- (is) nearer
- بِهِمَا
- to both of them.
- فَلَا
- So (do) not
- تَتَّبِعُوا۟
- follow
- ٱلْهَوَىٰٓ
- the desire
- أَن
- lest
- تَعْدِلُوا۟
- you deviate.
- وَإِن
- And if
- تَلْوُۥٓا۟
- you distort
- تُعْرِضُوا۟
- refrain,
- فَإِنَّ
- then indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- بِمَا
- of what
- تَعْمَلُونَ
- you do
- خَبِيرًا
- All-Aware.
- يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
- O you
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- who
- ءَامَنُوٓا۟
- believe[d]!
- ءَامِنُوا۟
- Believe
- بِٱللَّهِ
- in Allah
- وَرَسُولِهِۦ
- and His Messenger,
- وَٱلْكِتَٰبِ
- and the Book
- ٱلَّذِى
- which
- نَزَّلَ
- He revealed
- عَلَىٰ
- upon
- رَسُولِهِۦ
- His Messenger
- ٱلَّذِىٓ
- which
- أَنزَلَ
- He revealed
- مِن
- from
- قَبْلُ
- before.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يَكْفُرْ
- disbelieves
- وَمَلَٰٓئِكَتِهِۦ
- and His Angels,
- وَكُتُبِهِۦ
- and His Books,
- وَرُسُلِهِۦ
- and His Messengers
- وَٱلْيَوْمِ
- and the Day
- ٱلْءَاخِرِ
- the Last,
- فَقَدْ
- then surely
- ضَلَّ
- he (has) lost (the) way,
- ضَلَٰلًۢا
- straying
- بَعِيدًا
- far away.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- believed,
- ثُمَّ
- then
- كَفَرُوا۟
- disbelieved,
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- (again) believed,
- ٱزْدَادُوا۟
- increased
- كُفْرًا
- (in) disbelief –
- لَّمْ
- not
- يَكُنِ
- will
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- لِيَغْفِرَ
- forgive
- لَهُمْ
- [for] them
- وَلَا
- and not
- لِيَهْدِيَهُمْ
- will guide them
- سَبِيلًۢا
- (to) a (right) way.
- بَشِّرِ
- Give tidings
- ٱلْمُنَٰفِقِينَ
- (to) the hypocrites
- بِأَنَّ
- that
- لَهُمْ
- for them
- عَذَابًا
- (is) a punishment
- أَلِيمًا
- painful –
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- Those who
- يَتَّخِذُونَ
- take
- ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ
- the disbelievers
- أَوْلِيَآءَ
- (as) allies
- مِن
- (from)
- دُونِ
- instead of
- ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
- the believers.
- أَيَبْتَغُونَ
- Do they seek
- عِندَهُمُ
- with them
- ٱلْعِزَّةَ
- the honor?
- فَإِنَّ
- But indeed,
- ٱلْعِزَّةَ
- the honor
- لِلَّهِ
- (is) for Allah,
- جَمِيعًا
- all.
- وَقَدْ
- And surely
- نَزَّلَ
- He has revealed
- عَلَيْكُمْ
- to you
- فِى
- in
- ٱلْكِتَٰبِ
- the Book
- أَنْ
- that
- إِذَا
- when
- سَمِعْتُمْ
- you hear
- ءَايَٰتِ
- (the) Verses
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah
- يُكْفَرُ
- being rejected
- بِهَا
- [it]
- وَيُسْتَهْزَأُ
- and ridiculed
- بِهَا
- at [it],
- فَلَا
- then do not
- تَقْعُدُوا۟
- sit
- مَعَهُمْ
- with them
- حَتَّىٰ
- until
- يَخُوضُوا۟
- they engage
- حَدِيثٍ
- a conversation
- غَيْرِهِۦٓ
- other than that.
- إِنَّكُمْ
- Indeed, you
- إِذًا
- then,
- مِّثْلُهُمْ
- (would be) like them.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- جَامِعُ
- will gather
- ٱلْمُنَٰفِقِينَ
- the hypocrites
- وَٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ
- and the disbelievers
- جَهَنَّمَ
- Hell
- جَمِيعًا
- all together.
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- Those who
- يَتَرَبَّصُونَ
- are waiting
- بِكُمْ
- for you.
- فَإِن
- Then if
- كَانَ
- was
- لَكُمْ
- for you
- فَتْحٌ
- a victory
- مِّنَ
- from
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- قَالُوٓا۟
- they say,
- أَلَمْ
- “Were not
- نَكُن
- we
- مَّعَكُمْ
- with you?”
- وَإِن
- But if
- كَانَ
- (there) was
- لِلْكَٰفِرِينَ
- for the disbelievers
- نَصِيبٌ
- a chance
- قَالُوٓا۟
- they said,
- أَلَمْ
- “Did not
- نَسْتَحْوِذْ
- we have advantage
- عَلَيْكُمْ
- over you
- وَنَمْنَعْكُم
- and we protected you
- ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
- the believers?”
- فَٱللَّهُ
- And Allah
- يَحْكُمُ
- will judge
- بَيْنَكُمْ
- between you
- يَوْمَ
- (on the) Day
- ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ
- (of) the Resurrection,
- وَلَن
- and never
- يَجْعَلَ
- will make
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- عَلَى
- over
- ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
- the believers
- سَبِيلًا
- a way.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱلْمُنَٰفِقِينَ
- the hypocrites
- يُخَٰدِعُونَ
- (seek to) deceive
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- وَهُوَ
- and (it is) He
- خَٰدِعُهُمْ
- who deceives them.
- وَإِذَا
- And when
- قَامُوٓا۟
- they stand
- إِلَى
- for
- ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ
- the prayer,
- قَامُوا۟
- they stand
- كُسَالَىٰ
- lazily,
- يُرَآءُونَ
- showing off
- ٱلنَّاسَ
- (to) the people
- وَلَا
- and not
- يَذْكُرُونَ
- they remember
- إِلَّا
- except
- قَلِيلًا
- a little.
- مُّذَبْذَبِينَ
- Wavering
- بَيْنَ
- between
- ذَٰلِكَ
- that,
- لَآ
- not
- إِلَىٰ
- to
- هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ
- these
- وَلَآ
- and not
- هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ
- those.
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يُضْلِلِ
- has been lead astray
- ٱللَّهُ
- (by) Allah –
- فَلَن
- then never
- تَجِدَ
- you will find
- لَهُۥ
- for him
- سَبِيلًا
- a way.
- يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
- O you
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- who
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- believe[d]!
- لَا
- (Do) not
- تَتَّخِذُوا۟
- take
- ٱلْكَٰفِرِينَ
- the disbelievers
- أَوْلِيَآءَ
- (as) allies
- مِن
- from
- دُونِ
- instead of
- ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
- the believers.
- أَتُرِيدُونَ
- Do you wish
- أَن
- that
- تَجْعَلُوا۟
- you make
- لِلَّهِ
- for Allah
- عَلَيْكُمْ
- against you
- سُلْطَٰنًا
- an evidence
- مُّبِينًا
- clear?
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱلْمُنَٰفِقِينَ
- the hypocrites
- فِى
- (will be) in
- ٱلدَّرْكِ
- the depths,
- ٱلْأَسْفَلِ
- the lowest,
- مِنَ
- of
- ٱلنَّارِ
- the Fire,
- وَلَن
- and never
- تَجِدَ
- you will find
- لَهُمْ
- for them
- نَصِيرًا
- any helper
- إِلَّا
- Except
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- تَابُوا۟
- repent
- وَأَصْلَحُوا۟
- and correct (themselves)
- وَٱعْتَصَمُوا۟
- and hold fast
- بِٱللَّهِ
- to Allah
- وَأَخْلَصُوا۟
- and are sincere
- دِينَهُمْ
- (in) their religion
- لِلَّهِ
- for Allah,
- فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
- then those (will be)
- مَعَ
- with
- ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
- the believers.
- وَسَوْفَ
- And soon
- يُؤْتِ
- will be given
- ٱللَّهُ
- (by) Allah
- ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
- the believers
- أَجْرًا
- a reward,
- عَظِيمًا
- great.
- مَّا
- What
- يَفْعَلُ
- would do
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- بِعَذَابِكُمْ
- by punishing you
- إِن
- if
- شَكَرْتُمْ
- you are grateful
- وَءَامَنتُمْ
- and you believe?
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- شَاكِرًا
- All-Appreciative,
- عَلِيمًا
- All-Knowing.
- لَّا
- (Does) not
- يُحِبُّ
- love
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- ٱلْجَهْرَ
- the public mention
- بِٱلسُّوٓءِ
- of [the] evil
- مِنَ
- [of]
- ٱلْقَوْلِ
- [the] words
- إِلَّا
- except
- مَن
- (by the one) who
- ظُلِمَ
- has been wronged.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- سَمِيعًا
- All-Hearing,
- عَلِيمًا
- All-Knowing.
- إِن
- If
- تُبْدُوا۟
- you disclose
- خَيْرًا
- a good
- أَوْ
- or
- تُخْفُوهُ
- you conceal it
- تَعْفُوا۟
- pardon
- عَن
- [of]
- سُوٓءٍ
- an evil,
- فَإِنَّ
- then indeed,
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- كَانَ
- is
- عَفُوًّا
- Oft-Pardoning,
- قَدِيرًا
- All-Powerful.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- يَكْفُرُونَ
- disbelieve
- بِٱللَّهِ
- in Allah
- وَرُسُلِهِۦ
- and His Messengers
- وَيُرِيدُونَ
- and they wish
- أَن
- that
- يُفَرِّقُوا۟
- they differentiate
- بَيْنَ
- between
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- وَيَقُولُونَ
- and they say,
- نُؤْمِنُ
- “We believe
- بِبَعْضٍ
- in some
- وَنَكْفُرُ
- and we disbelieve
- بِبَعْضٍ
- in others.”
- يَتَّخِذُوا۟
- they take
- ذَٰلِكَ
- that
- سَبِيلًا
- a way.
- أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
- Those –
- هُمُ
- they
- ٱلْكَٰفِرُونَ
- (are) the disbelievers
- حَقًّا
- truly.
- وَأَعْتَدْنَا
- And We have prepared
- لِلْكَٰفِرِينَ
- for the disbelievers
- عَذَابًا
- a punishment
- مُّهِينًا
- humiliating.
- وَٱلَّذِينَ
- And those who
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- believe
- بِٱللَّهِ
- in Allah
- وَرُسُلِهِۦ
- and His Messengers
- وَلَمْ
- and not
- يُفَرِّقُوا۟
- they differentiate
- بَيْنَ
- between
- أَحَدٍ
- (any) one
- مِّنْهُمْ
- of them,
- أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
- those –
- سَوْفَ
- soon
- يُؤْتِيهِمْ
- He will give them
- أُجُورَهُمْ
- their reward.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- غَفُورًا
- Oft-Forgiving,
- رَّحِيمًا
- Most Merciful.
- يَسْـَٔلُكَ
- Ask you
- أَهْلُ
- (the) People
- ٱلْكِتَٰبِ
- (of) the Book
- أَن
- that
- تُنَزِّلَ
- you bring down
- عَلَيْهِمْ
- to them
- كِتَٰبًا
- a book
- مِّنَ
- from
- ٱلسَّمَآءِ
- the heaven.
- فَقَدْ
- Then indeed,
- سَأَلُوا۟
- they (had) asked
- مُوسَىٰٓ
- Musa
- أَكْبَرَ
- greater
- مِن
- than
- ذَٰلِكَ
- that
- فَقَالُوٓا۟
- for they said,
- أَرِنَا
- “Show us
- ٱللَّهَ
- Allah
- جَهْرَةً
- manifestly,”
- فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ
- so struck them
- ٱلصَّٰعِقَةُ
- the thunderbolt
- بِظُلْمِهِمْ
- for their wrongdoing.
- ثُمَّ
- Then
- ٱتَّخَذُوا۟
- they took
- ٱلْعِجْلَ
- the calf (for worship)
- مِنۢ
- from
- بَعْدِ
- after
- مَا
- [what]
- جَآءَتْهُمُ
- came to them
- ٱلْبَيِّنَٰتُ
- the clear proofs,
- فَعَفَوْنَا
- then We forgave them
- عَن
- for
- ذَٰلِكَ
- that.
- وَءَاتَيْنَا
- And We gave
- مُوسَىٰ
- Musa
- سُلْطَٰنًا
- an authority
- مُّبِينًا
- clear.
- وَرَفَعْنَا
- And We raised
- فَوْقَهُمُ
- over them
- ٱلطُّورَ
- the mount
- بِمِيثَٰقِهِمْ
- for their covenant,
- وَقُلْنَا
- and We said
- لَهُمُ
- to them,
- ٱدْخُلُوا۟
- “Enter
- ٱلْبَابَ
- the gate,
- سُجَّدًا
- prostrating.”
- لَهُمْ
- to them.
- لَا
- “(Do) not
- تَعْدُوا۟
- transgress
- فِى
- in
- ٱلسَّبْتِ
- the Sabbath.”
- وَأَخَذْنَا
- And We took
- مِنْهُم
- from them
- مِّيثَٰقًا
- a covenant
- غَلِيظًا
- solemn.
- فَبِمَا
- Then because of
- نَقْضِهِم
- their breaking
- مِّيثَٰقَهُمْ
- (of) their covenant
- وَكُفْرِهِم
- and their disbelief
- بِـَٔايَٰتِ
- in (the) Signs
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah
- وَقَتْلِهِمُ
- and their killing
- ٱلْأَنۢبِيَآءَ
- (of) the Prophets
- بِغَيْرِ
- without
- حَقٍّ
- any right
- وَقَوْلِهِمْ
- and their saying,
- قُلُوبُنَا
- “Our hearts
- غُلْفٌۢ
- (are) wrapped.”
- بَلْ
- Nay,
- طَبَعَ
- (has) set a seal
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- عَلَيْهَا
- on their (hearts)
- بِكُفْرِهِمْ
- for their disbelief
- فَلَا
- so not
- يُؤْمِنُونَ
- they believe
- إِلَّا
- except
- قَلِيلًا
- a few.
- وَبِكُفْرِهِمْ
- And for their disbelief
- وَقَوْلِهِمْ
- and their saying
- عَلَىٰ
- against
- مَرْيَمَ
- Maryam
- بُهْتَٰنًا
- a slander
- عَظِيمًا
- great.
- وَقَوْلِهِمْ
- And for their saying,
- إِنَّا
- “Indeed, we
- قَتَلْنَا
- killed
- ٱلْمَسِيحَ
- the Messiah,
- عِيسَى
- Isa,
- ٱبْنَ
- son
- مَرْيَمَ
- (of) Maryam,
- رَسُولَ
- (the) Messenger
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah.”
- وَمَا
- And not
- قَتَلُوهُ
- they killed him
- صَلَبُوهُ
- they crucified him
- وَلَٰكِن
- but
- شُبِّهَ
- it was made to appear (so)
- لَهُمْ
- to them.
- وَإِنَّ
- And indeed,
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- ٱخْتَلَفُوا۟
- differ
- فِيهِ
- in it
- لَفِى
- (are) surely in
- شَكٍّ
- doubt
- مِّنْهُ
- about it.
- مَا
- Not
- لَهُم
- for them
- بِهِۦ
- about it
- مِنْ
- [of]
- عِلْمٍ
- (any) knowledge
- إِلَّا
- except
- ٱتِّبَاعَ
- (the) following
- ٱلظَّنِّ
- (of) assumption.
- قَتَلُوهُ
- they killed him,
- يَقِينًۢا
- certainly.
- بَل
- Nay,
- رَّفَعَهُ
- he was raised
- ٱللَّهُ
- (by) Allah
- إِلَيْهِ
- towards Him.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- عَزِيزًا
- All-Mighty,
- حَكِيمًا
- All-Wise.
- وَإِن
- And (there is) not
- مِّنْ
- from
- أَهْلِ
- (the) People
- ٱلْكِتَٰبِ
- (of) the Book
- إِلَّا
- but
- لَيُؤْمِنَنَّ
- surely he believes
- بِهِۦ
- in him
- قَبْلَ
- before
- مَوْتِهِۦ
- his death.
- وَيَوْمَ
- And (on the) Day
- ٱلْقِيَٰمَةِ
- (of) the Resurrection
- يَكُونُ
- he will be
- عَلَيْهِمْ
- against them
- شَهِيدًا
- a witness.
- فَبِظُلْمٍ
- Then for (the) wrongdoing
- مِّنَ
- of
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- هَادُوا۟
- were Jews,
- حَرَّمْنَا
- We made unlawful
- عَلَيْهِمْ
- for them
- طَيِّبَٰتٍ
- good things
- أُحِلَّتْ
- which had been lawful
- لَهُمْ
- for them
- وَبِصَدِّهِمْ
- and for their hindering
- عَن
- from
- سَبِيلِ
- (the) way
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah –
- كَثِيرًا
- many.
- وَأَخْذِهِمُ
- And for their taking
- ٱلرِّبَوٰا۟
- (of) [the] usury
- وَقَدْ
- while certainly
- نُهُوا۟
- they were forbidden
- عَنْهُ
- from it
- وَأَكْلِهِمْ
- and (for) their consuming
- أَمْوَٰلَ
- wealth
- ٱلنَّاسِ
- (of) the people
- بِٱلْبَٰطِلِ
- wrongfully.
- وَأَعْتَدْنَا
- And We have prepared
- لِلْكَٰفِرِينَ
- for the disbelievers
- مِنْهُمْ
- among them
- عَذَابًا
- a punishment
- أَلِيمًا
- painful.
- لَّٰكِنِ
- But
- ٱلرَّٰسِخُونَ
- the ones who are firm
- فِى
- in
- ٱلْعِلْمِ
- the knowledge
- مِنْهُمْ
- among them
- وَٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ
- and the believers
- يُؤْمِنُونَ
- believe
- بِمَآ
- in what
- أُنزِلَ
- (is) revealed
- إِلَيْكَ
- to you
- وَمَآ
- and what
- أُنزِلَ
- was revealed
- مِن
- from
- قَبْلِكَ
- before you.
- وَٱلْمُقِيمِينَ
- And the ones who establish
- ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ
- the prayer
- وَٱلْمُؤْتُونَ
- and the ones who give
- ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ
- the zakah
- وَٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ
- and the ones who believe
- بِٱللَّهِ
- in Allah
- وَٱلْيَوْمِ
- and the Day
- ٱلْءَاخِرِ
- the Last –
- أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ
- those,
- سَنُؤْتِيهِمْ
- We will give them
- أَجْرًا
- a reward,
- عَظِيمًا
- great.
- إِنَّآ
- Indeed, We
- أَوْحَيْنَآ
- have revealed
- إِلَيْكَ
- to you
- كَمَآ
- as
- أَوْحَيْنَآ
- We revealed
- إِلَىٰ
- to
- نُوحٍ
- Nuh
- وَٱلنَّبِيِّۦنَ
- and the Prophets
- مِنۢ
- from
- بَعْدِهِۦ
- after him,
- وَأَوْحَيْنَآ
- and We revealed
- إِلَىٰٓ
- to
- إِبْرَٰهِيمَ
- Ibrahim
- وَإِسْمَٰعِيلَ
- and Ishmael,
- وَإِسْحَٰقَ
- and Isaac
- وَيَعْقُوبَ
- and Yaqub,
- وَٱلْأَسْبَاطِ
- and the tribes,
- وَعِيسَىٰ
- and Isa
- وَأَيُّوبَ
- and Ayyub,
- وَيُونُسَ
- and Yunus,
- وَهَٰرُونَ
- and Harun
- وَسُلَيْمَٰنَ
- and Sulaiman
- وَءَاتَيْنَا
- and We gave
- دَاوُۥدَ
- (to) Dawood
- زَبُورًا
- the Zaboor.
- وَرُسُلًا
- And Messengers
- قَدْ
- surely
- قَصَصْنَٰهُمْ
- We (have) mentioned them
- عَلَيْكَ
- to you
- مِن
- from
- قَبْلُ
- before
- لَّمْ
- not
- نَقْصُصْهُمْ
- We (have) mentioned them
- عَلَيْكَ
- to you.
- وَكَلَّمَ
- And spoke
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- مُوسَىٰ
- (to) Musa
- تَكْلِيمًا
- (in a) conversation.
- رُّسُلًا
- Messengers,
- مُّبَشِّرِينَ
- bearers of glad tidings
- وَمُنذِرِينَ
- and warners,
- لِئَلَّا
- so that not
- يَكُونَ
- there is
- لِلنَّاسِ
- for mankind
- عَلَى
- against
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- حُجَّةٌۢ
- any argument
- بَعْدَ
- after
- ٱلرُّسُلِ
- the Messengers.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- عَزِيزًا
- All-Mighty,
- حَكِيمًا
- All-Wise.
- لَّٰكِنِ
- But
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- يَشْهَدُ
- bears witness
- بِمَآ
- to what
- أَنزَلَ
- He (has) revealed
- إِلَيْكَ
- to you.
- أَنزَلَهُۥ
- He has sent it down
- بِعِلْمِهِۦ
- with His Knowledge
- وَٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ
- and the Angels
- يَشْهَدُونَ
- bear witness.
- وَكَفَىٰ
- And is sufficient
- بِٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- شَهِيدًا
- (as) a Witness.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- كَفَرُوا۟
- disbelieve
- وَصَدُّوا۟
- and hinder
- عَن
- from
- سَبِيلِ
- (the) way
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah,
- قَدْ
- surely
- ضَلُّوا۟
- they have strayed,
- ضَلَٰلًۢا
- straying
- بَعِيدًا
- far away.
- إِنَّ
- Indeed,
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- كَفَرُوا۟
- disbelieved
- وَظَلَمُوا۟
- and did wrong,
- لَمْ
- not
- يَكُنِ
- will
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- لِيَغْفِرَ
- [to] forgive
- لَهُمْ
- them
- وَلَا
- and not
- لِيَهْدِيَهُمْ
- He will guide them
- طَرِيقًا
- (to) a way,
- إِلَّا
- Except
- طَرِيقَ
- (the) way
- جَهَنَّمَ
- (to) Hell,
- خَٰلِدِينَ
- abiding
- فِيهَآ
- in it
- أَبَدًا
- forever.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- ذَٰلِكَ
- that
- عَلَى
- for
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- يَسِيرًا
- easy.
- يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
- O
- ٱلنَّاسُ
- mankind!
- قَدْ
- Surely
- جَآءَكُمُ
- has come to you
- ٱلرَّسُولُ
- the Messenger
- بِٱلْحَقِّ
- with the truth
- مِن
- from
- رَّبِّكُمْ
- your Lord
- فَـَٔامِنُوا۟
- so believe,
- خَيْرًا
- (it is) better
- لَّكُمْ
- for you.
- وَإِن
- But if
- تَكْفُرُوا۟
- you disbelieve,
- فَإِنَّ
- then indeed,
- لِلَّهِ
- to Allah (belongs)
- مَا
- whatever
- فِى
- (is) in
- ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ
- the heavens
- وَٱلْأَرْضِ
- and the earth.
- وَكَانَ
- And is
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- عَلِيمًا
- All-Knowing,
- حَكِيمًا
- All-Wise.
- يَٰٓأَهْلَ
- O People
- ٱلْكِتَٰبِ
- (of) the Book!
- لَا
- (Do) not
- تَغْلُوا۟
- commit excess
- فِى
- in
- دِينِكُمْ
- your religion
- وَلَا
- and (do) not
- تَقُولُوا۟
- say
- عَلَى
- about
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- إِلَّا
- except
- ٱلْحَقَّ
- the truth.
- إِنَّمَا
- Only
- ٱلْمَسِيحُ
- the Messiah,
- عِيسَى
- Isa,
- ٱبْنُ
- son
- مَرْيَمَ
- (of) Maryam,
- رَسُولُ
- (was) a Messenger
- ٱللَّهِ
- (of) Allah
- وَكَلِمَتُهُۥٓ
- and His word
- أَلْقَىٰهَآ
- which He conveyed
- إِلَىٰ
- to
- مَرْيَمَ
- Maryam
- وَرُوحٌ
- and a spirit
- مِّنْهُ
- from Him.
- فَـَٔامِنُوا۟
- So believe
- بِٱللَّهِ
- in Allah
- وَرُسُلِهِۦ
- and His Messengers.
- تَقُولُوا۟
- say,
- ثَلَٰثَةٌ
- “Three;”
- ٱنتَهُوا۟
- desist
- خَيْرًا
- (it is) better
- لَّكُمْ
- for you.
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- إِلَٰهٌ
- (is) God
- وَٰحِدٌ
- One.
- سُبْحَٰنَهُۥٓ
- Glory be to Him!
- أَن
- That
- يَكُونَ
- He (should) have
- لَهُۥ
- for Him
- وَلَدٌ
- a son.
- لَّهُۥ
- To Him (belongs)
- مَا
- whatever
- فِى
- (is) in
- ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ
- the heavens
- وَمَا
- and whatever
- ٱلْأَرْضِ
- the earth.
- وَكَفَىٰ
- And is sufficient
- بِٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- وَكِيلًا
- (as) a Disposer of affairs.
- لَّن
- Never
- يَسْتَنكِفَ
- will disdain
- ٱلْمَسِيحُ
- the Messiah
- أَن
- to
- يَكُونَ
- be
- عَبْدًا
- a slave
- لِّلَّهِ
- of Allah
- وَلَا
- and not
- ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ
- the Angels,
- ٱلْمُقَرَّبُونَ
- the ones who are near (to Allah).
- وَمَن
- And whoever
- يَسْتَنكِفْ
- disdains
- عَنْ
- from
- عِبَادَتِهِۦ
- His worship
- وَيَسْتَكْبِرْ
- and is arrogant
- فَسَيَحْشُرُهُمْ
- then He will gather them
- إِلَيْهِ
- towards Him
- جَمِيعًا
- all together.
- فَأَمَّا
- Then as for
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- believed
- وَعَمِلُوا۟
- and did
- ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ
- the righteous deeds
- فَيُوَفِّيهِمْ
- then He will give them in full
- أُجُورَهُمْ
- their reward
- وَيَزِيدُهُم
- and give them more
- مِّن
- from
- فَضْلِهِۦ
- His Bounty.
- وَأَمَّا
- And as for
- ٱسْتَنكَفُوا۟
- disdained
- وَٱسْتَكْبَرُوا۟
- and were arrogant
- فَيُعَذِّبُهُمْ
- then He will punish them
- عَذَابًا
- (with) a punishment
- أَلِيمًا
- painful,
- وَلَا
- and not
- يَجِدُونَ
- will they find
- لَهُم
- for themselves
- دُونِ
- besides
- ٱللَّهِ
- Allah
- وَلِيًّا
- any protector
- نَصِيرًا
- any helper.
- يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
- O
- ٱلنَّاسُ
- mankind!
- قَدْ
- Surely
- جَآءَكُم
- has come to you
- بُرْهَٰنٌ
- a convincing proof
- مِّن
- from
- رَّبِّكُمْ
- your Lord,
- وَأَنزَلْنَآ
- and We (have) sent down
- إِلَيْكُمْ
- to you
- نُورًا
- a light,
- مُّبِينًا
- clear.
- فَأَمَّا
- So as for
- ٱلَّذِينَ
- those who
- ءَامَنُوا۟
- believed
- بِٱللَّهِ
- in Allah
- وَٱعْتَصَمُوا۟
- and held fast
- بِهِۦ
- to Him,
- فَسَيُدْخِلُهُمْ
- then He will admit them
- فِى
- in
- رَحْمَةٍ
- Mercy
- مِّنْهُ
- from Himself
- وَفَضْلٍ
- and Bounty
- وَيَهْدِيهِمْ
- and will guide them
- إِلَيْهِ
- to Himself
- صِرَٰطًا
- (on) a way,
- مُّسْتَقِيمًا
- straight.
- يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ
- They seek your ruling.
- قُلِ
- Say,
- ٱللَّهُ
- “Allah
- يُفْتِيكُمْ
- gives you a ruling
- فِى
- concerning
- ٱلْكَلَٰلَةِ
- the Kalala
- إِنِ
- if
- ٱمْرُؤٌا۟
- a man
- هَلَكَ
- died
- لَيْسَ
- (and) not
- لَهُۥ
- he has
- وَلَدٌ
- a child
- وَلَهُۥٓ
- and he has
- أُخْتٌ
- a sister,
- فَلَهَا
- then for her
- نِصْفُ
- (is) a half
- مَا
- (of) what
- تَرَكَ
- he left.
- وَهُوَ
- And he
- يَرِثُهَآ
- will inherit from her
- إِن
- if
- لَّمْ
- not
- يَكُن
- is
- لَّهَا
- for her
- وَلَدٌ
- a child.
- فَإِن
- But if
- كَانَتَا
- there were
- ٱثْنَتَيْنِ
- two females
- فَلَهُمَا
- then for them
- ٱلثُّلُثَانِ
- two thirds
- مِمَّا
- of what
- وَإِن
- But if
- كَانُوٓا۟
- they were
- إِخْوَةً
- brothers and sisters
- رِّجَالًا
- men
- وَنِسَآءً
- and women,
- فَلِلذَّكَرِ
- then the male will have
- مِثْلُ
- like
- حَظِّ
- share
- ٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِ
- (of) the two females.
- يُبَيِّنُ
- makes clear
- ٱللَّهُ
- Allah
- لَكُمْ
- to you
- أَن
- lest
- تَضِلُّوا۟
- you go astray.
- وَٱللَّهُ
- And Allah
- بِكُلِّ
- of every
- شَىْءٍ
- thing
- عَلِيمٌۢ
- (is) All-Knower.
Madīnah Period This sūrah , which has 176 verses, was revealed around the sixth year of the Hijrah . It is the first of two sūrah s that begin with the phrase, “O humankind!” When the Qur’ān is divided into two equal parts, Sūrah al-Nisā’ is the fourth sūrah of the first part, while Sūrah H ajj , the second sūrah that begins with “O humankind!” is the fourth sūrah of the second part. After addressing us in this way, the sūrah draws attention to the origin or beginning of humankind; Sūrah H ajj , in contrast, focuses on the afterlife. Most of the principles that were revealed in order to regulate and govern Muslim civil life are found in this sūrah . 1. O humankind! In due reverence for your Lord, keep from disobedience to Him Who created you from a single human self, and from it created its mate, and from the pair of them, scattered abroad a multitude of men and women. In due reverence for God, keep from disobedience to Him in Whose name you make demands of one another, and (duly observe) the rights of the wombs (i.e. of kinship, thus observing piety in your relations with God and with human beings). God is ever watchful over you.1 1. From many different aspects, this verse is very significant. However, due to the scope of this study, we can only discuss a few points here. The original Arabic that has been translated as “a single human self ” is nafs wāhidah (literally, a single self or soul.) As mentioned before, nafs has two basic meanings: the self of a being, and the faculty which is the source or mechanism of the worldly life possessed by humankind and the jinn. When both meanings are taken into consideration, the phrase “a single human soul” is preferable as a translation for nafs wāhidah . There are similar verses in the Qur’ān that support such a choice. For example: And among His signs is that He has created for you, from your selves, mates, that you may incline towards them and find rest in them, and He has engendered love and tenderness between you (30: 21); God has made for you, from your selves, mates (spouses), and has made for you from your mates children and grandchildren, and has provided you with good, wholesome things (16: 72); The Originator of the heavens and the earth, each with particular features; He has made for you, from your selves, mates, and from the cattle mates (of their kind) …. (42: 11). What these verses are referring to by the phrase “your selves” is humankind, or the human self or nature. These verses draw our attention to the fact that everything exists in the universe in pairs, as is made clear in the verse: And all things We have created in pairs, so that you may reflect and be mindful (51:49). 200 Some are of the opinion that what the verse refers to by “a single human self ” is Adam, upon him be peace. This is not contrary to the preference made in this study, for the Qur’ān presents Adam, upon him be peace, in the Garden before his earthly life as one who represents humankind or the human self, rather than as an individual man. However, Adam, upon him be peace, being used as the representative of the human self is a very subtle point. It is the male that inseminates and is the primary factor in reproduction. Insemination can result in either a male child or a female child. That is, a male can beget either a male or female. If nature had a creative power, as materialists or naturalists claim, a male could not beget a female; for nature is regularity and constancy. Yet, a female is neither a “natural” product nor a continuation of a male, nor vice versa. The male and female are the two halves or mates of a whole; these two halves complete each other, and each has features that are peculiar to itself. The existence of each depends solely on the Creator’s Will and Power, which are absolute. Nature is neither an originator nor a creative power; rather, it is a creation, a model, and a regular system established by the Creator. Since the male has the inseminating function in reproduction in pairs, and the human self from which its mate was created is represented primarily by Adam, upon him be peace, women mean more as a blessing for men than men mean for women. As pointed out before ( Sūrat al-Baqarah , note 21), it is from this perspective that the Qur’ān mentions women as being among the primary blessings of Paradise for men. As the male is the primary factor in reproduction in pairs, this means that men have a more dominant position and are charged naturally with the responsibilities required by this position. Sūrat al-Nisā’ is, in addition to including other aspects, the source of Islamic civil law. This is why it is of great significance that it begins with the address, “O humankind!” With such an address, the Qur’ān appeals to human feelings, and brings out the need for being human in relationships. What is meant is that: “Each of you is a human being that shares the same human nature. You are all the offspring of the same father and mother, and, therefore, you are all brothers and sisters. This requires that you treat each other as brothers and sisters, without making any discrimination based on color, race, or language.” By focusing attention on the rights of kinship, this verse underlines this point, and by mentioning these rights along with the observation of God’s rights, it stresses their importance. 2. Restore their property to the orphans (in your custody, when they come of age), and do not exchange the corrupt for the good (the unlawful for the lawful), nor consume their property by mixing it up with your own. For doing that would be a great crime (whereby you risk the spiritual reward you hope for by caring for them). 3. If you fear that you will not be able to observe their rights with exact fairness when you marry the orphan girls (in your custody), you can marry, from among other women (who are permitted to you in marriage and) who seem good to you, two, or three, or four.2 However, if you fear that (in your marital obligations) you will not be able to observe justice among them, then content yourselves with only one, or the captives that your right hands possess.3 Doing so, it is more likely that you will not act rebelliously. 201 2. Some people wrongfully criticize Islam because it allows polygamy. Such a criticism, from several perspectives, is not justifiable; some of these perspectives are as follows: • Polygamy is a very ancient practice found in many human societies. The Bible did not condemn polygamy. On the contrary, the Old Testament and Rabbinic writings frequently attest to the legality of polygamy. King Solomon and King David had many wives and concubines ( 2 Samuel : 5: 13). According to Father Eugene Hillman in his insightful book, Polygamy Reconsidered , “Nowhere in the New Testament is there any explicit commandment that marriage should be monogamous or any explicit commandment forbidding polygamy.” Moreover, Jesus, upon him be peace, did not speak against polygamy, even though it was practiced by the Jews in his society. Father Hillman stresses the fact that the Church in Rome banned polygamy in order to conform to Greco-Roman culture (which prescribed only one legal wife while tolerating concubinage and prostitution). The Qur’ān, contrary to the Bible, limits the maximum number of wives to four, and it imposes the strict condition that all the wives be treated equally and justly. This should not be seen as the Qur’ān exhorting believers to practice polygamy, or that polygamy is considered as an ideal state. In other words, the Qur’ān tolerates or allows polygamy, and nothing more . But why is polygamy permissible? The answer is simple: there are places and times in which there are compelling social and moral reasons for polygamy. Islam, as a universal religion suitable for all places and all times, cannot ignore these compelling reasons. • In most human societies, females outnumber males. In America today, there are at least eight million more women than men. In a country like Guinea, there are 122 females for every 100 males. In Tanzania, there are 95.1 males per 100 females (Hillman, 88-93). What should a society do when faced with such an unbalanced sex ratio? There are various solutions; some might suggest celibacy, while others prefer female infanticide (which tragically happens in even some “civilized” societies in the world today) Yet others may think the only solution is that society should tolerate all manners of sexual permissiveness: prostitution, infidelity, homosexuality, etc. • Such an imbalance in the sex ratios becomes truly problematic in times of war. Native American Indian tribes used to suffer highly unbalanced sex ratios after military losses. The women in these tribes, who, in fact, enjoyed a fairly high status, accepted polygamy as being the best protection against indulgence in indecent activities. After the Second World War, there were 7,300,000 more women than men in Germany (3.3 million of them were widows). Many of these women needed a man not only as a companion, but also as a provider for the household in a time of unprecedented misery and hardship. What is more dignified for a woman—to be an accepted and respected second wife, as in the Native Indians’ approach, or to be nothing more than a prostitute? In 1987, a poll conducted by the student newspaper at the University of California at Berkeley asked students whether they agreed that men should be allowed by law to have more than one wife. This question was posed in response to a perceived shortage of male marriage candidates in California. Almost all of the students polled approved of the idea ( J. Lang, Struggling to Surrender , 172). • Up to the present day, polygamy continues to be a viable solution for some of the social ills in modern society. Philip Kilbride, an American anthropologist with a Roman Catholic background, proposes polygamy as a solution to some of the ills found in American society in his provocative book, Plural Marriage for Our Time . He argues that plural marriage may serve as a potential alternative for divorce in many 202 cases, where it would obviate the damaging impact that divorce has on many children (Kilbride, 118). • It should be noted that in many Muslim societies today, the practice of polygamy is rare, since there is a better balance between the ratio of the sexes. One can safely say that the rate of polygamous marriages in the Muslim world is much lower than the rate of extramarital affairs in the West. In other words, men in the Muslim world today are far more monogamous, in the absolute sense of the word, than men in the Western world. • Moreover, many jurists allow women to stipulate in their marriage contracts (required for a Muslim marriage to be valid) that the husband may not take a second wife or that he must divorce the first wife (with all financial rights that accrue to her when the husband initiates a divorce) if he takes a second wife. Billy Graham, the eminent Christian evangelist has recognized this fact: “Christianity cannot compromise on the question of polygamy. If present-day Christianity cannot do so, it is to its own detriment. Islam has permitted polygamy as a solution to social ills and has allowed a certain degree of latitude to human nature, but only within the strictly defined framework of the law. Christian countries make a great show of monogamy, but actually they practice polygamy. No one is unaware of the part mistresses play in Western society. In this respect, Islam is a fundamentally honest religion, and permits a Muslim to marry a second wife if he must, but strictly forbids all clandestine amatory associations in order to safeguard the moral probity of the community.” (‘Abd ar-Ra h mān Doi, Woman in Shari’ah , 76) • There are even psychological factors calling for polygamy. For example, many young African brides, whatever their religion, would prefer to marry a man who has already proved himself to be a responsible husband. Many African wives urge their husbands to get a second wife so that they will not feel lonely (Hillman, 92–97). A survey of over six thousand women, ranging in age from 15 to 59, conducted in the second largest city in Nigeria showed that 60 percent of these women would be pleased if their husbands took another wife. In a survey undertaken in rural Kenya, 25 out of 27 women considered polygamy to be better than monogamy. These women felt polygamy can be a happy and beneficial experience if the co-wives cooperate with each other (Kilbride, 108–109) • Modern civilization rejects polygamy as unwise and disadvantageous to social life. As observed even in animals and plants, the purpose for and wisdom in sexual relations is reproduction. The resulting pleasure is a small payment determined by Divine Mercy to realize this duty. Marriage is for reproduction and the perpetuation of the species. Being able to give birth at most once a year, able to become pregnant during half of a month, and entering menopause around 50, a woman is at a reproductive disadvantage compared to a man, so to speak, who can sometimes impregnate women until the age of 70 or more. That is why, in most cases, modern civilization is obliged to find new ways of impregnation at great cost. Even if the purpose of marriage were merely sexual gratification, polygamy would be a lawful way to realize it. (Summarized from Sherif Muhammad.) 3. The following points should be taken into consideration when viewing the matter of (female-)slavery from within the matrix of Islam: • Islam did not invent or establish the institution of (female-)slavery; rather it found it- 203 self in an international arena where (female-)slavery was practiced in the most abominable manner. Islam viewed the matter as related to wartime and dealt with this subject as if it were a matter of how to treat prisoners of war. Although (female-)slavery, in various forms, was in practice until recently, Islam adopted a process to abolish it over the course of time, fourteen centuries ago. It was not Islam, but those who related themselves to Islam, that were responsible for certain objectionable practices that have been witnessed in some Muslim communities over the previous centuries. • While international law in the modern world does not date back to more than a few centuries, Islam established principles and laws in matters concerning international relations, such as war and the treatment of the prisoners-of-war over fourteen centuries ago. Imam Muhammad al-Shaybānī, who lived twelve centuries ago, was the first to write a book on international law, al-Siyar al-Kabīr. This book is based on the relevant injunctions in the Qur’ān and on the practice of the Prophet, upon him be peace and blessings. • Islam forbade the killing of prisoners-of-war, and in place of this, instructed that they be distributed among Muslim families. Great importance was attached to their education and their “owners” were advised to marry the women among them. Such “prisoners-of-war” were to be given the status of free women when they gave birth to a child. Islam aims at their final emancipation and the eradication of (female-) slavery. As recompense for many sinful acts, such as breaking fast before the proper time, Islam required the emancipation of a (female-)slave, and exhorted believers to emancipate their (female-)slaves, stating that this is a very meritorious act. • Without making any gender discrimination, Islam attaches great value to humankind. It aims at elevating all human beings to the true rank of humanity, as this is the best pattern of creation. It regards the women who have attained this rank with their level of education, character and virtuousness, as being muh s an (protected women). A woman devoid of such lofty moral and spiritual values, one who presents herself as merely a physical object of sex, cannot be a muh s an . Attaining this rank requires true education, and Islam has established rules for each stage or grade. Therefore, the matter of (female-)slavery has educational and psychological dimensions, in addition to social and international ones. • As pointed out before ( Sūrah : 2, note: 95), with regard to legislation, Islam follows three principal ways: it retains the commandments that existed in previous Books or that prevailed in the community in which it appeared, and which were not contradictory to its essential principles; it corrected or amended the ones that were not in conformity with its principles; and finally, it installed new legislation. In each of these ways, Islam followed a gradual process, especially in matters where it required a long time to eradicate old habits or establish a new approach. The matter of (female-)slavery is one such issue, especially due to its international dimension. 4. Give to the women (whom you marry) their bridal-due (mahr) willingly and for good (i.e. without expecting a return); however, if of their own accord, they remit any part of it to you, then you are welcome to enjoy it gladly. 5. Do not give to those of weak mind your property that God has put in your charge (as a means of support for you and for the needy), but feed and clothe them out of it (especially with the profit you will make by exploiting it), and 204 speak to them kindly and words of honest advice. 6. (Care for and) test the orphans well until they reach the age of marriage. Then, if you find them to be mature of mind, hand over to them their property; and do not consume it by wasteful spending, nor do so in haste, fearing that they will come of age (and so take it over). If the guardian is rich (enough to support himself and his family), let him abstain (from his ward’s property); but if he is poor, let him consume thereof in a just and reasonable manner. When you hand (their property) over to them, let there be witnesses on their behalf. God suffices as One Who reckons and settles the accounts (of His servants). 7. For the male heirs is a share out of what parents and near kindred leave behind, and for the female heirs is a share of what parents and near kindred leave behind, whether it (the inheritance) be little or much – a share ordained by God.4 4. This short verse contains the basic principles of the Islamic law of inheritance established by the Qur’ān, as well as a significant warning: • Like men, women also have a share in inheritance. • The property left behind by a deceased person is inherited, no matter the amount. • It makes no difference whether the inherited property is movable or immovable. • Any children, parents, grandparents or other near relatives can inherit from another person. If there are near kindred, those who are of collateral relations cannot inherit. • Heirs cannot be deprived of inheritance, except for exceptional cases, such as if they have killed their testator (at-Tirmidhī, “Farā’id,” 17). (Suat Yıldırım, 77.) The significant warning that is contained in the verse is as follows: In the preIslamic age, women were forbidden from inheriting. By mentioning women or female heirs separately, in the same way that male heirs are mentioned, i.e. by reiteration, an emphasis is made, stressing that whether the inheritance is great or small, women cannot be deprived of it on any pretext, such as the amount being insignificant. 8. If some from among other relatives (who do not have a legally defined share), and orphans and the destitute, are present at the division (of the inheritance), give them something thereof (for their provision), and speak to them kindly and pleasing words. 9. Let those be anxious (for the rights of the orphans) who, if they (themselves) were to leave behind weak offspring, would be fearful on their account – and let them keep from disobedience to God for fear of His punishment, and let them speak the truth and proper words (in respect of the division of the inheritance and their treatment of the orphans). 205 10. Surely those who consume the property of orphans wrongfully, certainly they consume a fire in their bellies; and soon they will be roasting in a Blaze (the like of which you have never seen, and the degree of whose intensity none knows except God). 11. God commands you in (the matter of the division of the inheritance among) your children: for the male is the equivalent of the portion of two females. If there are more than two females (with no males), for them is two-thirds of the inheritance; if there is only one, then the half. As for the parents (of the deceased): for each of the two is one-sixth of the inheritance, in case of his having left a child; but if he has left no children and his parents are his only heirs, then for his mother is one-third. If he has (a surviving mother and, together with or without sisters,) two or more (surviving) brothers, then for his mother is one-sixth – (all these commands to be put into effect) after deduction for any bequest he may have made (provided such bequest is in conformity with the relevant teachings of Islam) and any debt (incurred by him) (– first the debt is paid, then the bequest is fulfilled, and then the inheritance is shared). Your parents and your children: you do not know which of them is nearer to you in (bringing you) benefit. This (law of inheritance) is an ordinance from God (that you must absolutely obey). Assuredly, God is All-Knowing (of your affairs and what benefits or harms you), and All-Wise. 12. And for you is a half of what your wives leave behind, if they have no children; but if they have a child, then you shall have one-fourth of what they leave behind – after deduction for any bequest they may have made and any debt (incurred by them). And for them is one-fourth of what you leave behind, if you have no children; but if you have a child, then they shall have one-eighth of what you leave behind – after deduction for any bequest you may have made and any debt (incurred by you). And if a man or a woman has no heir in the direct line, but has a brother or a sister (on the mother’s side), for him or her is onesixth; but if there are two or more, then they shall be sharers in one-third – after deduction for any bequest that may have been made or debt; neither (bequest or debt) intending harm (to the rights of the heirs, in such ways as declaring fictitious debts or bequeathing more than one-third of one’s estate). A commandment from God. God is All-Knowing (of all your intentions, actions, and outcomes), All-Clement (not hasty to punish the errors of His servants).5 5. In these last two verses, the basic principles and standards of the Islamic law of inheritance are laid down; the precise details have been established on these standards and on the practice of the Prophet and his Companions. Before elucidating some points, we should consider the fact that these two verses present the Islamic law of inheritance as God’s absolute command, and in their conclusive pronouncements declare that they are based on 206 God’s Knowledge and Wisdom. Therefore, what we should do is to try to find instances of His Divine Wisdom in them. Breaching these orders means disobedience to God and His Messenger, while rejecting them amounts to unbelief. Secondly, Islam is not a religion that takes up a position of answering objections. Whatever it decrees is right and just. So, our intention, while explaining Islam’s position in matters that have been made the target of objections during recent times, is to illuminate sincere minds. • According to the Islamic law of inheritance, with the exception of the father and mother, and in some cases, the brothers and sisters, a son receives twice as much as a daughter, a brother twice as much as a sister and a husband twice as much as a wife. • Islam is universal, taking into consideration and addressing the conditions of all ages and communities. Its worldview is holistic and it deals with particular matters in a universal frame. So, when viewing its law of inheritance, we should consider many psychological and sociological factors, such as the psychology of women and men, their positions and financial responsibilities in the family and society, and their contribution to the economy. We should evaluate every matter with respect to its own nature and within its own framework, and not be misled by theoretical abstractions disconnected from lived reality, such as absolute equality, the pursuit of which can often result in loss of equity and balance. • In order to understand the rationale behind why Islam, in some cases, gives women half the share of men, one must take into account the fact that the financial obligations of men in Islam far exceed those of women. A bridegroom must provide his bride with a marriage gift. This gift becomes her exclusive property and remains so even if she is later divorced. The bride is under no obligation to present any gifts to her husband. Moreover, the Muslim husband is charged with the maintenance of his wife and children. The wife, on the other hand, is not obliged to help him in this regard. Her property and earnings are for her use alone, except what she may voluntarily offer her husband. Moreover, one has to realize that Islam strongly advocates family life. It positively encourages young people to get married and discourages divorce. Therefore, in a truly Islamic society, family life is the norm, while single life is the rare exception. That is, almost all women and men of a marriageable age will be married in an Islamic society. In light of these facts, one can appreciate that Muslim men, in general, have greater financial burdens than Muslim women, and the inheritance rules take account of this reality (See Sherif Muhammad). • When a woman inherits less than a man does, she is not actually deprived of anything for which she has worked. Any property that is inherited is not the result of her earning or her endeavors. It is something that comes from a neutral source, something additional or extra. It is something that neither the man nor the woman has struggled for. It is a sort of aid, and any aid has to be distributed according to the most urgent needs and responsibilities, especially when the distribution is regulated by God’s law ( http://www.thewaytotruth.org/womaninislam/financial.html). • The Qur’ānic injunction of inheritance is a perfect mercy for women, in addition to its being perfectly just. Because a young girl is sensitive and vulnerable, she must be looked on with affection by her father. Thanks to the Qur’ānic injunction concerning inheritance, the father does not see her as a child who will cause him loss by carrying away to others half of his wealth. In addition, her brothers feel compassion for her and protect her, without feeling envy; they do not consider her as a rival in the division 207 of the family possessions. Thus, the affection and compassion which the girl enjoys through her family compensates for her apparent loss in inheritance. • Some still object that a woman’s share should, from the beginning, be equal to that of man, and then we would not be compelled to compensate her by allowing her a dowry and maintenance on the part of her husband. Those who make this objection think that the dowry and the maintenance are the results of women’s peculiar position with regard to inheritance, whereas the reality is just the opposite. Furthermore, they seem to be under the impression that the financial aspect is the only consideration. Had that been the only consideration, obviously there would have been neither a need for the system of dowry and maintenance, nor would there be a disparity between the shares of men and women. As we have mentioned earlier, Islam has taken into consideration many aspects, some of them natural and others psychological. In most cases, in her parents’ house, her contribution to the family income is much less than that of her brother(s). Also, a son has to look after his mother if the father dies, while the mother will not have to support herself from this portion, nor will any unmarried daughter have to support herself from her share in an Islamic society; in effect, their shares are for their personal use. Other psychological and social aspects, which help in the consolidation of domestic relations, have also been considered (M. Mutahhari). • It is for this reason that it would be a severe injustice, and not at all a kindness, to institute a larger share for a girl or woman, to give her more than is her due, merely out of “compassion.” This is unrealistic because no one can be more compassionate than God. Rather, if Qur’ānic bounds are exceeded, women may become, for the reasons we have given, vulnerable to exploitation and tyranny in the family, especially in view of the barbaric selfishness of certain times. As for the Qur’ānic injunctions, all of them, like those pertaining to inheritance, prove the truth expressed in the verse, We have not sent you (O Muhammad) with the mission of Messengership, but as an unequalled mercy for all the worlds (21: 107). • Islam does not support the idea that wealth is a fortune circulated among a small minority. It wants the wealth to be distributed among as many people as possible. Concerning inheritance, onsidering that God’s grace and bountifulness have a share in it, it is strongly advised, even ordered, that distant relatives, orphans, and the poor should also benefit from any wealth. 13. These are the bounds set by God. Whoever obeys God and His Messenger (by remaining within these bounds), God will admit him into Gardens through which rivers flow, abiding therein. That is the supreme triumph. 14. But whoever disobeys God and His Messenger and exceeds His bounds, God will admit him into a Fire, to abide therein, and for him is a shameful, humiliating punishment. 15. Such of your women as have committed indecency (unlawful sex), there must be four male witnesses of you who (having seen them in the act) will testify against them (within one succeeding month in towns, and six months in the rural areas). If they do bear witness, then confine those women to their houses until death takes them away or God opens some way for them. 208 16. When two from among you have committed it, then punish them both by scolding and beating; but if they are remorseful and repent, and make amends, then withdraw from them.6 Assuredly, God is He Who accepts repentance and returns it with liberal forgiveness, All-Compassionate. 6. Unjust killing, fornication and adultery, theft and usurpation, anarchy and terror, open and rebellious apostasy, slander, and partaking of intoxicating substances, including drugs, are the most grievous crimes in Islam. Muslim Law aims at the protection of the faith, the mind, life, property, and healthy reproduction; the most severe punishments are applied for their violation. Although there are different opinions concerning these two verses, the view which has been most widely accepted is that they are complementary to one another. While verse 15 is concerned only with Muslim women guilty of indulging in unlawful sex, verse 16 concerns the act of unlawful sex, the partners of which are known. The reason why the Qur’ān has established the matter in this way and mentions women separately must be that, just as there are brothels and similar places in modern societies, women engaged in prostitution were also around during the pre-Islamic period of Jāhiliyyah . So, as an important step on the way to the decisive banning and prevention of prostitution, and of any other kind of unlawful sex, the Qur’ān mentions women separately. Then, it proceeds to mention individual cases of unlawful sex where the partners are known to have committed this act. As with several other commandments, Islam followed a gradual process in laying down the final penalty for unlawful sex. First, in these two verses, it prescribed that the Muslims who had committed such an act should be scolded and beaten, and that the female partners be kept in houses in order to prevent prostitution. The expression, or God opens some way for them, which meant that a new, final commandment would be revealed, resulted in the execution of the adulterous married couples according to the Prophet’s practice, and striking the unmarried ones with a whip 100 times (See 24: 2). In note 131 of Sūrat al-Baqarah , the basic principles upon which the Islamic Penal Law is based were summarized. Taking into consideration the penalty for adultery, we should add the following points: • During the Makkan period, the following was revealed to the believers (18: 26, 31-35, 59): give relatives, the needy and wayfarers their due; kill nobody unjustly, including children; refrain from adultery; do not consume the property of orphans; and do not deceive in weighing and measuring. These came as principles of Wisdom, in return for whose violation no penalty was prescribed. However, in Madīnah, where an Islamic government was established after the Companions’ swearing a pledge to the Messenger, these provisions became articles of law, the violation of which brought a penalty. This shows that the Islamic Penal Law was put into effect in a system established on the basis of the Islamic creed, worldview, worship, behavior, standards of morality, and social and economic structure. Thus, the penal law should be evaluated within the entirety of Islam. • Islam followed a gradual process in laying down the final penalty for crimes, such as adultery and the consumption of alcohol, and the penalties prescribed before the final one were not removed from the Qur’ān, despite their being abrogated. This means 209 that an Islamic community is one that is gradually perfected along with the implementation of Islamic rules. It resembles a healthy body. Every crime committed in such a community is like a disease threatening the body, according to its nature and degree. Rebellious apostasy, killing, anarchy, terror, adultery, consuming intoxicating substances, slander, theft and usurpation are the most deadly of diseases. Just as some diseases require medicine for recovery, while others need radiotherapy, and still others require an operation, so too, the diseases that threaten a healthy social body require the same kind of therapies, each according to its nature and degree of intensity. • With its principles of creed, worship, good conduct or behavior, morality, and social and economic structure, Islam prevents people from committing crimes. It can be said that Islam makes it 95% more difficult to commit deadly sins or crimes, and leaves the remaining 5% to human free will. Therefore, it is clear that those who commit the grave crimes mentioned in the previous note are diseased elements in a truly Islamic society. • Islam has made it considerably difficult to establish and prove adultery and to implement the prescribed penalty. The number of those who have been proven to be guilty of adultery or theft and who have been punished during the thirteen centuries of Islam until the 14 th century after the Hijrah was extremely small. The incidents of adultery and theft that occur in a single year in one so-called modern, civilized country, and the complications, such as divorce, the collapse of families, suicide, murder, and depression, all caused by such events, far exceed the number of such incidents during the thirteen centuries of Islamic history throughout all the Muslim lands. Should not those who criticize Islam for the penalties it prescribes for grievous crimes view the matter from this perspective, at least, if they are not ignorant of the truth of the matter nor prejudiced opponents of Islam? • In the Bible, there are many examples of adultery, all of which were punished either by stoning or burning, or in some other way. Furthermore, these kinds of punishment were not restricted only to adultery; if a man married a woman and her daughter at the same time, all three were killed by burning ( Leviticus , 20: 10–21). There is no commandment in the Gospels that abrogates these laws. We can only find an episode in John (8: 3-11), where Jesus, upon him be peace, refused to judge on the stoning of an adulterous woman brought before him. The reason why he did this is quite clear. The teachers of the Law and the Pharisees brought in a woman caught in adultery. They made her stand before the group and said to Jesus, upon him be peace: “Teacher, this woman was caught in the act of adultery. In the Law, Moses commanded us to stone such women. Now what do you say?” They were using this question as a trap, in order to have a basis for accusing him. If Jesus, upon him be peace, had ordered her to be stoned, they would have objected: “Did you not order mercy?” If he had not, they would have protested: “Did you not declare that you accepted Moses’ Law?” Jesus, upon him be peace, started to write on the ground with his finger, and said: “If any one of you is without sin, let him be the first to throw a stone at her.” By so doing, he taught a lesson. At his time, the Jewish community was highly contaminated by sins. Those who wanted to make him exercise a commandment were the same persons who were foremost in disobedience to the Law, yet it was they who had to preserve it and judge by it. There was no ground propitious for implementing the Law, nor was Jesus, upon him be peace, in the position to implement it. So, this event is not one that shows there was no penalty for adultery in the Gospels, but rather one which demonstrates the spirit of the religious – Islamic – Penal Law. 210 Furthermore, the Prophet Jesus, upon him be peace, brought stricter moral and spiritual sanctions against adultery: “You have heard that it was said to those of old: ‘ You shall not commit adultery .’ But I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart. If your right eye causes you to sin, pluck it out and cast it from you; for it is more profitable for you that one of your membersperish, than for your whole body to be cast into hell” ( Matthew, 5: 27–29). • Islam is not aimed at the satisfaction of animal appetites at any cost, as are secular, materialist civilizations; rather, it urges the spirit to true human perfection and the bringing up of virtuous generations, whose minds are enlightened with scientific knowledge and whose hearts are illuminated with pure spiritual values. 17. God’s acceptance of repentance is only for those who commit evil due to an instance of defeat to evil commanding soul, and then (pull themselves together and) repent shortly afterwards. It is they whose repentance God returns with forgiveness; and God is All-Knowing (of what everyone does and why), and All-Wise. 18. But of no avail is the repentance of those who commit evil (for a lifetime) until, when one of them is visited by death, he says, “Indeed, now I repent.” Nor (likewise does the repentance avail) of those who (spend their lives in unbelief and offer to repent just at the time of death, but) die as unbelievers (since such repentance is not acceptable). For such, We have prepared a painful punishment. 19. O you who believe! It is not lawful for you to become inheritors, against their will, of women (of your deceased kinsmen, marrying them against their will, without paying their bridal-due, or forcing them to marry others in return for their bridal-due, as though they were a part of heritable property); nor should you constrain your wives in order to take away anything of what you have given them (as bridal-due or bridal gift), unless they be guilty of indecency in an obvious manner (such as to justify divorce). Consort with them in a good manner, for if you are not pleased with them, it may well be that you dislike something but God has set in it much good. 20. But if you still decide to dispense with a wife and marry another, and you have given the former (even so much as amounts to) a treasure, do not take back anything thereof. Would you take it back by slandering (for the purpose of contriving the kind of divorce that allows you to take it back), and so committing a flagrant sin? 21. Then, how could you take it back when you have gone in to each other, and they (the married women) have taken from you a most solemn pledge (of hon- 211 oring their rights)? 22. And do not marry the women whom your fathers married – except what has happened (of that sort) in the past (before your conversion; such occurrences are forgivable provided you rectify your conduct and terminate any such contract of marriage). This was indeed a shameful deed and hateful thing, and how evil a way! 23. Forbidden to you (O believing men) are your mothers (including stepmothers and grandmothers) and daughters (including granddaughters), your sisters (including full sisters and half-sisters), your aunts paternal and maternal, your brothers’ daughters, your sisters’ daughters, your mothers who have given suck to you, your milk-sisters (all those as closely related to you through milk as through descent7), your wives’ mothers, your stepdaughters – who are your foster-children, born of your wives with whom you have consummated marriage; but if you have not consummated marriage with them, there will be no blame on you (should you marry their daughters) – and the spouses of your sons who are of your loins, and to take two sisters together in marriage (including a niece and her aunt, maternal or paternal)8 – except what has happened (of that sort) in the past. Surely God is All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate. 7/8. Marrying not only milk-mothers and milk-sisters but all of those who have as close a relationship through milk as through descent (i.e. nieces or nephews from milk), and marrying a niece and her aunt together were prohibited by the Messenger, upon him be peace and blessings, based either on the Revelation or by inference from this verse. 24. And (also forbidden to you are) all married women, save those (captives) whom your right hands possess (and whose ties with their husbands have practically been cut off ). This is God’s decree, binding upon you. Lawful for you are all beyond those mentioned, that you may seek, offering them of your wealth, taking them in sound chastity (i.e. in marriage), and not in licentiousness. And whomever of them you seek to enjoy in marriage (under these conditions), give them their bridal-due as a duty. But there is no blame on you for what you do by mutual agreement after the duty (has been done). Assuredly, God is AllKnowing (of what you do and why), and All-Wise. 25. If any of you cannot afford to marry free, believing women, (let them marry) believing maidens from among those whom your right hands possess. (Do not regard marriage to such believing maidens as a degradation. Rather, degradation is deviating into licentiousness without marrying.) God knows well all about your faith (and measures you by it); and (whether you be free or slaves) you are one from another (belonging, as believers, to the same faith and community). Marry them, then, with the leave of their guardians, and give them their 212 bridal-due according to religiously lawful and customary good practice, they being women who give themselves in honest chastity, not in licentiousness, nor having secret love-companions.9 Then if they commit indecency after they have entered into wedlock, they shall be liable to half the penalty to which free (unmarried) women are liable. That (permission to marry slave-girls) is for those of you who fear to fall into sin (by remaining unmarried). But if you persevere (in self-restraint with no fear of falling into sin), that is better for you. And God is All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate. 9. In these last two verses, the Qur’ān indicates an important social reality and clarifies an aspect of female slavery. While the previous verse warns men who will marry believing, free women not to stray into ways of indecency, like adultery, this verse admonishes that female slaves should also refrain from such deviations. It also mentions the matter of marrying female slaves in the case of men who fear deviation into unlawful ways if they were to remain unmarried. What we can understand from this is that men are more susceptible to deviation than women. A free Muslim woman is so far from falling that it is not even contemplated; such a woman is extremely careful about her chastity. A believing female slave may be susceptible. We conclude from this that in the view of Islam a free, Muslim, chaste woman is the ideal of respectable womanhood; others, though believers, may not be careful about their chastity and, therefore, do not enjoy the same status or respect. A woman loses her right to respect when she indulges in indecency or she presents herself as a sexual object, using her physical charms to allure; this means that she has fallen from the rank of true humanity. Similarly, respected members of a pure, Islamic society cannot perceive of women as sexual objects. Islam regards indecencies such as fornication, adultery, and prostitution as the most abominable things, and sees these as the cause of people falling lower than animals. The sexual drive in animals is directed at reproduction; it is not just a desire to be satisfied in any way, at any means. For example, bull-camels smell the urine of a she-camel in order to learn whether the camel has been inseminated or not. They will not mate otherwise. 26. God wills to explain to you (His commandments in which your happiness lie), and to guide you to the (righteous) ways of life of those who preceded you, and to turn to you (with mercy and favor). God is All-Knowing, All-Wise. 27. God wills to turn to you (with mercy and favor by explaining to you His commandments and guiding you to the Straight Path), whereas those who follow (their) lusts (for women, offspring, wealth, fame, status, and position) desire you to deviate greatly (from the Straight Path). 28. God wills to lighten for you (your burdens), for human has been created weak (liable to err).10 10. Humanity is, so to speak, riddled with many weak spots. So we must be educated and liberated from our weak points. An important dimension of education is to keep the sphere of permission so wide as to satisfy the vital needs and lawful human desires and lay down 213 such prohibitions that will prevent people from going to extremes. Religious prohibitions and other responsibilities are not a burden on humanity; rather, they serve to lighten a burden which would otherwise crush them. The sphere of permission in Islam is wide enough for humanity to lead a perfect, human life, and to remove all possibility of conflict between the human spirit and bodily desires. So any kind of satisfaction sought outside that sphere is a great burden for the human heart and spirit to bear, and a torment upon torment, and a means of suffering and disasters for the family and social life. 29. O you who believe! Do not consume one another’s wealth in wrongful ways (such as theft, extortion, bribery, usury, and gambling), except it be dealing by mutual agreement; and do not destroy yourselves (individually or collectively by following wrongful ways like extreme asceticism and idleness. Be ever mindful that) God has surely been All-Compassionate toward you (particularly as believers). 30. Whoever acts wrongfully through enmity (toward others) and by way of deliberate transgression and wronging (both himself and others), We will surely land him in a Fire to roast therein (the like of which you have never seen, and the degree of whose intensity none knows except God); that indeed is easy for God. 31. If you avoid the major sins11 which you have been forbidden, We will blot out from you your minor evil deeds and make you enter by a noble entrance (to an abode of glory). 11. The major sins are those in return for committing which God or His Messenger threatens a severe punishment in the Hereafter, and for some of which there is (also) a prescribed punishment in the world. Disbelieving in God and/or associating partners with Him are the greatest of the major sins. The others are despairing of God’s mercy; regarding oneself as secure from His punishment; disrespecting one’s parents or failing to observe their rights; unjust killing; fornication and adultery; consuming the property of others, especially that of orphans; theft; engaging in usury; turning back (as a soldier) when the army advances, or fleeing from battle-front; slandering the reputation of chaste women; sorcery; drinking alcohol; gambling; exchanging God’s covenant and the oaths taken in His Name for worldly advantages; betraying public trusts; giving false evidence in a court; not carrying out any of the obligatory religious duties (such as abandoning the Prescribed Prayer, not paying the Zakāh (Prescribed Purifying Alms), not fasting the Rama d ān, or not going to the Major Pilgrimage), and barring people from God’s way.It is said that no sin for which one has sincerely repented and asked for God’s forgiveness is great, and no sin that has been committed continuously and without repentance is considered to be minor. 32. (People differ from each other in capacity and means of livelihood, and it is not in your hands to be born male or female. Therefore) do not covet that in which God has made some of you excel others (thus envying others in such things as status or wealth, or physical charms, and so objecting to God’s distri– 214 bution). Men shall have a share according to what they have earned (in both material and spiritual terms), and women shall have a share according to what they have earned. (On the other hand, do not refuse effort and aspiration; instead of envying others,) ask God (to give you more) of His bounty (through lawful labor and through prayer). Assuredly, God has full knowledge of everything. 33. And to everyone, We have appointed heirs to what the parents and near kindred might leave behind. (As those heirs have defined portions in the inheritance that must be given them,) so to those with whom you have made a solemn covenant, give them their due share. God is indeed a witness over everything. 34. Men (those who are able to carry out their responsibilities) are the protectors and maintainers of women inasmuch as God has endowed some of people (in some respects) with greater capacity than others, and inasmuch as they (the men) spend of their wealth (for the family’s maintenance). Good, righteous women are the devoted ones (to God) and observant (of their husbands’ rights), who guard the secrets (family honor and property, their chastity, and their husband’s rights, especially where there is none to see them, and in the absence of men,) as God guards and keeps undisclosed (what should be guarded and private). As for those women from whose determined disobedience and breach of their marital obligations you have reason to fear, admonish them (to do what is right); then, (if that proves to be of no avail), remain apart from them in beds; then (if that too proves to be of no avail), beat them lightly (without beating them in their faces). Then, if they obey you (in your directing them to observe God’s rights and their marital obligations), do not seek ways against them (to harm them). (Be ever mindful that) God is indeed All-Exalted, All-Great.12 12. This verse is highly significant for male–female relationships and family law. It draws attention to the following cardinal points: • God has not created all people exactly the same in all respects, but rather has given each person a form of superiority in some respect to others; this is a requirement of social life and is the origin of the division of labor and the need for variety of occupation. Although it is not true to the same degree with all men and women, He has created men, in some respects, superior to women, while He has also given women superiority over men in other respects. • As a general rule, God has given men greater physical strength than women and endowed them with a greater capacity for management, as the fact that even in the modern world, administrators are usually men proves. He has also charged men with the financial responsibility of the family. Again, this is not true to the same degree for all men and women; there will, of course, be some women who are better managers than some men. This is why He has made men the head of the family. However, this does not mean that men have absolute authority in the family; rather, this authority must be exercised according to the Prophetic principle: The master of a people is he 215 who serves them . But responsibility is proportionate to authority, and authority is proportionate to responsibility. • Men are generally responsible for the well-being and prosperity of the family members. So while the verse directs men as to how they should treat rebellious women who are of bad conduct, it guides them to a gradual means of education: admonish them (to do what is right); then, (if that proves to be of no avail), remain apart from them in beds; then (if that too proves to be of no avail), beat them lightly (without slapping them in their faces). All of the Qur’ānic commentators of the early period, whose opinions Ibn Jarīr at- T abarī mentioned in his Tafsī r interpreted the verb d arb in the verse to mean beating or striking lightly. It should be noted that these measures are aimed at education and saving the marriage from collapse in case of a wife’s rebelliousness. It is not a matter of women being beaten only because they are women, but rather this punishment is only applicable to a truly rebellious person who is of evil conduct, a person who displays obstinacy, not only not doing her duty in the home but also one who does not care about good moral conduct; in short, such a woman is not only wronging her family, she is also wronging herself. God’s Messenger, upon him be peace and blessings, interpreted the verse to mean that the beating should be light and only employed as a last resort in extreme cases such as lewdness committed by the wife; he warned men to refrain from beating as much as possible, and slapping in the faces (at-Tirmidhī, “Kitāb at-Tafsīr, Tawbah,” 1 [3087]; Abū Dāwūd, “Nikāh,” 42). The last part of the verse is also of the same import. Furthermore, the Messenger condemned any unjustifiable beating. He exhorted men to be good to their families, saying: “The best of you is he who is best to his family, and I am the best among you to my family” (Ibn Mājah, “Nikā h ” 50). He advised a Muslim woman, Fātimah bint Qays, not to marry a man known for beating women (Muslim, “Talaq,” 36). On the other hand, Islam never leaves women unprotected in the face of men’s harsh treatment and negligence of their family duties. First, it advises reconciliation: If a woman fears from her husband ill-treatment or (such breach of marital obligations as) his turning away in aversion, then there will be no blame on them to set things right peacefully between them; peaceful settlement is better…. (O husbands) if you do good in consciousness of God and act in reverence for Him and piety (in observing the rights of women), then surely God is fully aware of what you do (4: 128). However, it does not advise women to resort to the two measures of leaving their husbands in bed and beating. This must be because it seeks to protect the wife from a violent physical reaction by her already misbehaving husband. But it recognizes the woman’s right to resort to the court and even demand divorce. Muslim scholars suggest that the court can apply the same three measures in question against the husband on the wife’s behalf. No system or religion has a right to ask Islam to apologize for any of its commandments, including this one concerning women. On the contrary, every other system is humiliated before Islam. All surveys conducted show that women have been subjected to abuse in almost all other “religions” and systems, and this still continues in the modern, “civilized” world. In contrast, the periods when Islam was being practiced consciously were a golden age for women. To cite a single example, what foreign travelers and observers wrote during the first quarter of the 18 th century – a time when all the Muslim world, including the Ottoman State, was in decline—is enough to clarify this point:No one locks their house in the 216 city where about one million people live because no theft has ever been reported. You do not see a vagabond, nor a beggar, nor one who shouts loudly in the streets. Women receive the greatest respect at home and enjoy certain authority. There is nothing more abominable to stare at a woman walking in the street, and especially raising a hand to beat them. It is impossible to describe the beauty of the Turkish women (Djevad, 35-36 [Quoted from Mr. Porter, British Ambassador to Turkey]). 35. And if you fear that a breach might occur between a couple, appoint an arbiter from among his people and an arbiter from among her people. If they both want to set things aright, God will bring about reconciliation between them. Assuredly, God is All-Knowing, All-Aware. 36. And (as the essential basis of contentment in individual, family and social life,) worship God and do not associate anything as a partner with Him; and do good to your parents in the best way possible, and to the relatives, orphans, the destitute, the neighbor who is near (in kinship, location, faith), the neighbor who is distant (in kinship and faith), the companion by your side (on the way, in the family, in the workplace, etc.), the wayfarer, and those who are in your service. (Treat them well and bring yourself up to this end, for) God does not love those who are conceited and boastful; 37. Those who act meanly (in spending out of what God has granted them) and urge others to be mean, and conceal the things God has granted them out of His bounty (such as wealth or knowledge, and certain truths in their Book). We have prepared for (such) unbelievers a shameful, humiliating punishment. 38. And (likewise) those who spend their wealth (in charity or other good cause) to make a show of it to people (so as to be praised by them) when they believe neither in God nor in the Last Day: Whoever has Satan for a comrade, how evil a comrade he is! 39. Why, what (harm) would fall upon them, if they believed in God and the Last Day, and spent out of what God has provided for them (purely for the pleasure of God), and God has full knowledge of them (of what they believe in and what they spend)? 40. Assuredly, God wrongs (no one) not even so much as an atom’s weight; while if there is a good deed, He multiplies it (with respect to its outcomes and the reward it will bring), and grants (its doer) a tremendous reward purely from His Presence (beyond what it may have merited). 41. How, then, will it be (with people on the Day of Judgment) when We bring forward a witness from every community (to testify against them and that God’s Religion was communicated to them), and bring you (O Messenger) as a wit- 217 ness against all those (whom your Message may have reached)? 42. On that Day, those who disbelieved (in this life and died in unbelief ) and disobeyed the Messenger wish that the earth might be leveled with them (so as to leave no trace or record of them); but they will not be able to conceal from God any telling (of what they said or did). 43. O you who believe! Do not come forward to (stand in) the Prayer while you are in (any sort of ) a state of drunkenness until you know what you are saying, nor while you are in the state of ritual impurity (requiring the total ablution) – save when you are on a journey (and then unable to bathe) – until you have bathed (done the total ablution). But if you are ill or on a journey, or if any of you has just satisfied a call of nature, or you have had contact with women, and can find no water, then betake yourselves to pure earth, passing with it lightly over your face and hands (and forearms up to and including the elbows). Surely God is One Who grants remission, All-Forgiving. 44. Do you not see and reflect upon those who were given a portion from the Book? They are occupied with buying straying, and desire that you, too, should stray from the (right) way. 45. (O believers!) God knows best who your enemies are; and God suffices as Guardian and Protecting Friend, and God suffices as Helper. 46. Among those who have become Jews ( Judaized) are some who alter the words from their context to distort their meanings, and say: “We have heard and we disobey,” and, “Do hear us, may you turn dumb,” (while pretending to say, “Will you hearken to us, O respected one!”), and “Listen to us! May you become deaf, O Shepherd!” (while pretending to say, “Attend to us!”) – thus making a malicious play with their tongues and seeking to revile the (True) Religion. Had they but said, “We have heard and we obey,” and “Listen to us,” and “Favor us with your attention!”, it would indeed have been for their own good, and more upright. But God has excluded them from His mercy because of their (willful, persistent) unbelief, and, but for a few, scarcely do they believe. 47. O you who were given the Book (before)! Believe (sincerely) in (the whole of ) what We have been sending down (on Muhammad), confirming what (of the truth) you already possess, before We obliterate faces so as to deprive them of seeing, hearing, speaking and smelling, or exclude them from Our mercy as We excluded the Sabbath-breakers. (Bear in mind that) God’s command is always executed. 48. Assuredly, God does not forgive that partners be associated with Him; less 218 than that, He forgives to whomever He wills (whomever He has guided to repentance and righteousness, either out of His pure grace or as a result of the person’s choosing repentance and righteousness by his free will). Whoever associates any partner with God has indeed fabricated a most heinous sin. 49. Do you (O Messenger) not consider those who regard themselves pure and sanctified? No! Rather, it is God Who makes pure and sanctifies whomever He wills (considering the free will of each), and none is wronged even by as much as a tiny hair. 50. Look! How they fabricate falsehood in attribution to God; and that suffices for a flagrant sin (to lead them to their perdition). 51. Do you not consider those who were given a portion of the Book, how they believe in any false deity and all manner of powers of evil (who institute patterns of faith and rule in defiance of God), and say about those (idolaters) who disbelieve that they are more rightly guided (in the way they follow) than those who believe? 52. Such are the ones whom God has excluded from His mercy, and he whom God excludes from His mercy, you shall never find one to help and save him. 53. Or do they have a share in the sovereignty (absolute ownership and dominion of the heavens and the earth, so that they claim some privileged position in God’s sight and a right to guidance, Prophethood, and rule on the earth)? If that were so, they would not give people even as much as (would fill) the groove of a date-stone. 54. Or do they envy others for what God granted them out of His grace and bounty? Yet We did grant the Family of Abraham (including the progeny of Ishmael proceeding from him, as well as that of Isaac) the Book and the Wisdom, and We granted them a mighty kingdom (in both the material and spiritual realm). 55. Among them (those belonging to Abraham’s progeny) have been and are such as truly believe in him (and, therefore, they believe in Muhammad, who has the best claim to a relationship with Abraham, and believe in the Qur’an revealed to him), and among them are such as bar people from him (like some from among those who were given the Book before). (For the latter,) Hell suffices for a blaze. 56. Those who (knowingly) conceal and reject Our Revelations, We will land them in a Fire to roast there. Every time their skins are burnt off, We will replace them with other skins, that they may taste the punishment. Assuredly, God is 219 All-Glorious with irresistible might, All-Wise. 57. But those who believe and do good, righteous deeds, We will admit them into the Gardens through which rivers flow, therein abiding for ever. Therein for them will be spouses purified, and We will admit them to an all-protecting shade (ease and contentment). 58. God commands you to deliver trusts (including public and professional duties of service) to those entitled to them; and when you judge between people, to judge with justice. How excellent is what God exhorts you to do. Surely God is All-Hearing, All-Seeing. 59. O you who believe! Obey God and obey the Messenger, and those from among you who are invested with authority; and if you are to dispute among yourselves about anything, refer it to God and the Messenger, if indeed you believe in God and the Last Day. This is the best (for you), and fairest in the end.13 13. These last two verses lay down the fundamental principles for a sound Islamic social system: • The entrusting of all public duties and positions to those qualified for them; • Ensuring justice in public affairs and judgment; • Having absolute obedience to God and His Messenger, upon him be peace and blessings; • Ensuring that the critical posts and positions, especially, are assigned to the believers qualified for them, and ensuring that their commands are obeyed, provided they are in conformity with the Qur’ān and the Sunnah of the Messenger, upon him be peace and blessings; • Referring controversial matters and differences to the Qur’ān and the Sunna; • And, as the most influential sanction for the maintenance of the system, having real belief in God and the Last Day. The command of obeying being mentioned twice, once for God and once for the Messenger, upon him be peace and blessings, indicates that the Messenger is infallible and has the right to legislate alongside the Qur’ān. He must be obeyed in his orders, both as a President and a Prophet; his orders or prohibitions and way of life comprise his Sunnah, which is to be strictly followed until the Last Day, while his presidency ended with his death. The command of obeying is not mentioned for administrators specifically. This means that obedience to them is conditional. The Messenger, upon him be peace and blessings, clarified this point by saying that there is no obedience in sin or rebellion against God (al-Bukhārī, “A h kām,” 4; Muslim, “‘Imârah,” 46). They must be obeyed in their orders, as long as these are not contrary to the Sharī‘ah. However, disobedience does not mean revolt. It is laid out in relevant books of Islamic law what Muslim people can do to protest against their administrators. Another point to note here is that Islam refers all the functions fulfilled by modern demo- 220 cratic or undemocratic systems of government to the Muslim community itself. This means that these functions are duties that are to be shared and fulfilled by the community. The institution of swearing allegiance in Islam also demonstrates this. The system of government is a kind of social contract and division of labor. 60. Do you not consider those who assert that they believe in what has been sent down to you and what was sent before you, and yet desire to go for judgment in their disputes to (the rule of ) the powers of evil (who institute patterns of rule in defiance of God), when they were expressly commanded to reject it.14 Truly, Satan desires to lead them far astray. 14. The holy Qur’ān is a miracle of eloquence and conciseness from beginning to the end. One of the aspects of its eloquence is that while reporting an incident, it uses the incident as a reason to promulgate a new rule or declare a universal truth, without drifting away from the incident. The word tāghūt (powers of eviwhich institute patterns of rule in defiance of God) is used both in singular and plural. In this verse, in the clause when they were expressly commanded to reject him , the Qur’ān refers to a particular person included in the meaning of tāghūt , who was known to its first addressees during the time of the Messenger, upon him be peace and blessings. By mentioning an incident, it presents an important aspect of hypocrisy, which is that although hypocrites claim to believe in God’s Book and, therefore, must practice it in their daily lives, they also continue to ignore justice and what is right, seeking other authorities whose judgment they hope will be to their advantage. By presenting an incident which took place during the Messenger’s time, the Qur’ān draws attention to this aspect of hypocrisy and declares a very important truth or requirement of faith: if you believe in God’s Book, you must refer to its judgment in the disputes among you and submit to it wholeheartedly. You cannot seek another authority in the settlement of the issues among you. 61. When they were told: “Come to that which God has sent down and to the Messenger (and submit to God’s judgment),” you see the hypocrites turn away from you with disgust. 62. But how then, when a disaster befalls them because of what they have forwarded with their own hands (to their future), they come to you, swearing by God and say: “We intended only goodwill and conciliation!” 63. Such are the ones – God knows what is in their hearts; so withdraw from them (do not care what they say and do), and (continue to) admonish them, and say to them profound words touching their very souls. 64. (Everyone should know well that) We have never sent a Messenger but that he should be obeyed by God’s leave. If, when they wronged themselves (by committing a sin), they but came to you and implored God to forgive them – with the Messenger praying to God for their forgiveness – they would find that God 221 is One Who returns the repentance of His servants with liberal forgiveness and additional reward, and All-Compassionate. 65. But no! By your Lord, they do not (truly) believe unless they make you the judge regarding any dispute between them, and then find not the least vexation within themselves over what you have decided, and surrender in full submission.15 15. The facts expressed in the verses above are very important for both the health of a person’s faith and for an Islamic society. First of all, it should be known that the Messenger of God, upon him be peace and blessings, legislates just as the Qur’ān does. Moreover, his way of living or practicing Islam is the principal standard for believers to follow. Secondly, the Qur’ān and the way of the Messenger, upon him be peace and blessings – the Sunnah – are the unquestionable and absolutely authorized sources of Islam which must be obeyed. All other ways that are not authorized by them will lead to heresy. The Qur’ān frequently calls God’s Messenger, upon him be peace and blessings, The Prophet or The Messenger . Naming him thus means that the Prophet Muhammad, upon him be God’s blessings and peace, is the greatest of the Prophets and Messengers. When we mention someone with their title without mentioning their name, and with the definite article attached, then we are saying that they are the most distinguished among those sharing that title, and that they are the greatest representative of the mission or institution whose members bear that title. So when we hear or say, The Prophet or The Messenger , we refer to the Prophet Muhammad, upon him be peace and blessings; it is he who represents the Prophethood and the Messengership in the best way as the greatest of the Prophets and Messengers. 66. If We were to ordain for them, “Lay down your lives (in God’s cause, so that you may be purified of your sins)” or “Leave your habitations (that you have contaminated with your sins, and emigrate to another land in God’s cause),” they would not do that save a few of them. But if they had done what was urged upon them (before things had come to this point) – if only they would do it from now on – it would indeed have been (and would be) for their own good and (more apt for them) to be more securely established (in the land).16 16. The words and style adopted by this verse lead us to understand that it is connected with what verse 2: 54 and similar verses teach. 67. And then, We would surely have granted them from Our Presence a tremendous reward; 68. And indeed guided them to a straight path (in belief, thought, feeling and action). 69. Whoever obeys God and the Messenger (as they must be obeyed), then those are (and in the Hereafter will be, in Paradise) in the company of those whom 222 God has favored (with the perfect guidance) – the Prophets, and the truthful ones (loyal to God’s cause and truthful in whatever they do and say), and the witnesses (those who see the hidden Divine truths and testify thereto with their lives), and the righteous ones (in all their deeds and sayings, and dedicated to setting everything right). How excellent they are for companions! 17 17. This verse refers to four classes of people who act as guides for others throughout the history of humankind. It has a direct connection with, and explains, verses 1: 6–7. What is meant by “favor” is perfect guidance; each class of people mentioned here is favored with this. 70. Such is the grace that is from God, and God suffices as One All-Knowing (of how great that grace is, who deserves it, and the rank of those favored with it). 71. O you who believe! (While such great grace is there) be fully prepared, then (as circumstance demands) either go forward in (small) consolidated groups (on military expeditions), or go forward all together. 72. There are indeed among you such as him who lags behind. Then, if a disaster befalls you, he says: “Indeed God bestowed His favor upon me that I was not present with them.” 73. But if some bounty from God comes to you, he is sure to say – just as if there had never been any tie of affection between you and him (and, therefore, as if there had been an obstacle to his going forth with you), “Oh, if only I had been with them, I would have come by a great gain.” 74. So let those who trade the life of this world for the Hereafter fight in God’s cause. Whoever fights in God’s cause, whether he is killed or victorious, We will grant him a tremendous reward. 75. Why, then, should you not fight in the cause of God and of the oppressed, helpless men, women, and children, who cry out: “O Lord! Bring us out of this land whose people are oppressors, and appoint for us from Your Presence a protector, and appoint for us from Your Presence a helper!” 76. Those who (truly) believe fight in God’s cause, while those who disbelieve fight in the cause of tāghūt (powers of evil who institute patterns of rule in defiance of God). So (O believers), fight against the friends and allies of Satan. Assuredly, Satan’s guile is ever-feeble. 77. Do you not consider those who were told, “Restrain your hands (from war and similar endeavor), and do the Prayer in conformity with all its conditions, 223 and pay the Prescribed Purifying Alms” (at which time they insistently asked you when they would be allowed to fight)? But as the time has come and fighting has been ordained for them, a party among them fear people as one should fear God, or with even greater fear, and say: “O Lord! Why have you ordained fighting for us? If only You had granted us a little more respite!” Say (to them, O Messenger): “The enjoyment of the world is short-lived, whereas the Hereafter is the best for him who keeps from disobedience to God, in reverence for Him and piety, and you will not be wronged by so much as a tiny hair.” 78. Wherever you may be, death will overtake you, even though you be in towers built up strong and high. Yet, when some good happens to them, they say: “This is from God.” And when an evil befalls them, they say: “This is because of you.” Say: “All is from God.” But how is it with these people that they do not grasp the truth of anything said (or anything that has happened)! 79. (O human being!) Whatever good happens to you, it is from God; and whatever evil befalls you, it is from yourself. We have sent you (O Messenger) to humankind as a Messenger, and God suffices for a witness.18 18. The last two verses explain some important things concerning Divine Destiny and human free will, such as the following: • Be it good or bad, whatever happens to a person has been determined by the Divine Eternal Will, Which considers human free will in all Its determinations. • It is God Who established what cause (thought, belief, and action) brings about what result, and humanity cannot escape this framework. It is also in this sense that it is said that whatever happens to humanity is from God. • As a requirement of the free will He has granted to humanity, God creates whatever His servants will. So, it is God Who creates whatever happens to them, whether it be good or bad, and it is in this meaning that whatever happens to a person is from God. • God never wills evil for His servants. He always wills good for them and directs them to it. So, whatever good thing happens to a person, it is because God has willed it for them and directs their free will toward it. This means that since God has willed it, He has directed a person’s free will toward this action, enabling them to do it, and creating it; therefore, any good that happens to a person is solely from God. • A person becomes the source and doer of whatever evil befalls them by preferring evil and doing it despite God’s orienting their free will toward good. So, whatever evil befalls a person is from themselves. In addition to the fact that whatever good happens to a person is from God, God rewards that good and admits His good servants into Paradise. So, God’s rewarding a person and admitting him or her into Paradise is purely out of His bounty and grace. However, misfortune will befall a person in the world, and they will earn Hellfire in the Hereafter because of their obstinacy in unbelief or polytheism, or their transgressions, despite God’s infinite compassion, forgiveness, and His exhorting people to good. So, the placing of a person in 224 Hell is merely justice that is embedded in the compassion of God. 80. He who obeys the Messenger (thereby) obeys God, and he who turns away from him (and his way), (do not be grieved, O Messenger, for) We have not sent you as a keeper and watcher over them (to prevent their misdeeds and be accountable for them). 81. They say (when in your presence, to every command of yours), “By all means!” But when they leave your presence, a party of them make secret plans against what you say. God records whatever secret plans they make. So withdraw from them, and put your trust in God. God suffices as the One to be relied on, to Whom affairs should be referred. 82. Do they not contemplate the Qur’an (so that they may be convinced that it is from God)? Had it been from any other than God, they would surely have found in it much (incoherence or) inconsistency.19 19. Consider the following facts: • Although the Qur’ān was revealed in parts over 20 years, to fulfill different needs and purposes, it has perfect harmony, as if it had all been revealed at the same time. • Although the Qur’ān was revealed over 20 years on different occasions, its parts are so mutually supportive that it is as if it had been revealed on only one occasion. • Although the Qur’ān came in answer to different, repeated questions, its parts are so united and harmonious with one another that it is as if it had been in answer to a single question. • Although the Qur’ān came to judge diverse cases and events, it displays such a perfect order that it is as if it were a judgment delivered on a single case or event. • Although the Qur’ān was revealed by Divine courtesy, in styles varied to suit innumerable people who had or have different levels of understanding, moods, and temperament, its parts exhibit so beautiful a similarity, correspondence, and fluency that it is as if it were addressing only one level of understanding and temperament. • Although the Qur’ān speaks to an infinite variety of people, all distant from one another in time, space, and character, it has such a fluent way of explanation, such a pure style, and a clear way of description, that it is as if it were addressing only one homogenous group, each different group thinking that it is being addressed uniquely and specifically. • Although the Qur’ān was revealed to enable the gradual guidance of different peoples with various purposes, it has such a perfect straightforwardness, sensitive balance, and beautiful order, that it is as if it were pursuing only one purpose. Rather than being reasons for confusion, these factors add to the miraculousness of the Qur’ān’s explanations and to its fluency of style and harmony. Anyone with a sound heart, conscience, and good taste can see the graceful fluency, exquisite proportion, pleasant harmony, and matchless eloquence in its explanations. And anyone with a sound power of sight and insight can see that the Qur’ān presents an eye with which to see the whole uni- 225 verse, with all its inner and outer dimensions, like a single page on which all the meanings contained can be read ( The Words , “the 25 th Word,” 433). 83. Whenever any news comes to them, related to (public) security or alarm, they go about spreading it (without ascertaining if the news is true or not, and without thinking about whether it is beneficial or harmful to spread it). Whereas if they would but refer it to the Messenger and to those among them (in the community) who are entrusted with authority, those from among them who are competent to investigate it would bring to light what it is really about. (O believers!) Save for God’s grace and mercy upon you (in illuminating your way and guiding you with Revelation and His Messenger, and protecting you against your enemies and wrong ways), all but a few (of you) would have been (deceived by the hypocrites and) following Satan. 84. Fight (therefore, O Messenger) in God’s cause – for (in the same way that every individual is responsible for himself ) you are (first of all) responsible for none except yourself. (Even left by yourself alone, fulfill your responsibility) – and urge on the believers (to take their responsibility). It may be that God will (thereby) restrain the force of those who disbelieve. Indeed God is strongest in might, and strongest in repressing and punishing.20 20. For the Qur’ān’s attitude toward war and the rules it established concerning war, see, 2: 190, 191, 194, 216, and notes 137 (Appendix 2), 138, 140, and 147 in Sūrat al-Baqarah. 85. Whoever intercedes, mediates or helps for a good cause will have a share in its blessings, and whoever intercedes, mediates or helps for an evil cause shares in its burden. God has full watch over all things. 86. When (whether traveling or at home, or in war or at peace) you are greeted with a greeting (of peace and goodwill), answer with one better, or (at least) with the same. Surely God keeps account of all things. 87. God, there is no deity but He. He will gather you all together on the Day of Resurrection, about (the coming of ) which there is no doubt. Who can be truer in statement than God? 88. (O believers!) How is it with you that you are in two groups regarding the hypocrites (from Makkah, and other tribes who claim to be Muslims yet take part in the hostile machinations of their people against you), seeing that God has thrown them back (to unbelief ) on account of what they have earned (by their sins)? Do you seek to guide him whom God has led astray? Whoever God has led astray, for him you cannot find a (safe) way (to follow). 226 89. They yearn that you should disbelieve just as they disbelieved, so that you might be all alike. Do not, therefore, take from among them confidants and allies until they emigrate (to Madīnah and join you) in God’s cause. But if they turn away (from this call and continue their hostility against you), seize them and kill them wherever you find them; and do not take to yourselves any of them as confidant, nor as helper.21 21. As recorded in the sources, the last two verses refer to those people who belonged to the tribes of Ghatfan and Asad; they professed faith in Madīnah, but returned to unbelief and cooperated with the Makkan polytheists against the Muslims when they returned to their lands. However, since a verse being revealed with respect to a specific event does not mean that it is restricted to that event, the Qur’ān is here presenting a typical hypocrisy. Hypocrites, who were constantly worried whether time would progress in their favor or disfavor, professed faith when they came to Madīnah, in order to secure the Muslims’ confidence in them, but when they returned home, they displayed the unbelief in their hearts and took part in all the hostile machinations against Islam and the Muslims. Emigration to Madīnah was of crucial importance and a sign of true belief in that period when the Muslims suffered from the pressures and constraints imposed on them by the unbelievers. So, by revealing the hypocrisy in the hearts and attitudes of such people, the Qur’ān warns the believers against them. 90. Except those who seek refuge in a people between whom and you there is a treaty (of peace or alliance), or (those who) come to you with hearts shrinking from fighting against you, as well as fighting against their own people. Had God willed, He would certainly have given them power over you and they would have fought against you. If they withdraw from you and do not fight against you, and offer you peace, then God allows you no way (to war) against them. 91. You will find others who wish to be secure from you (by signing a treaty with you) and to be secure from their people (by breaking their treaty with you and joining them): every time they are called back to conspiracy and hostility against you, they plunge into it headlong. Hence, if they do not withdraw from you, nor offer you peace, nor restrain their hands (from hurting you), then seize them and kill them wherever you come upon them. It is against such that We have given you a clear sanction. 92. Yet (be circumspect), it is not for a believer to kill another believer unless it be by mistake. He who has killed a believer by mistake must set free a believing slave, and pay blood-money to his family (legal heirs), unless they forgo it as a freewill offering. If he (the victim), while himself a believer, belonged to a people hostile to you (between whom and you there is no treaty), then (the expiation is to) set free a believing slave. If he (the victim) belonged to a (non-Muslim) people between whom and you there is a treaty, then (the expiation is to) pay blood-money to his heirs, and to set free a believing slave. But he who has no 227 means (to make such expiation), must fast for two consecutive months – a penance from God (a way of repentance).22 God is All-Knowing (of everything, including what is in your bosoms), All-Wise. 22. Setting free a believing slave is a duty to God and the Muslim community, while paying blood-money is a duty to the heirs of the victim. Emancipating a believing slave means, in one respect, granting the slave a (free) life as atonement for one’s killing a believer by mistake. This explicitly shows the great value Islam attaches to freedom. The Messenger, upon him be peace and blessings, fixed the blood-money at 100 camels, or at the market value of the same. However, the heirs of the victim are allowed to forgo the blood-money or to reduce it. The killer should also turn to God in remorse and repentance, so that his sin may be pardoned and his soul secured against the recurrence of similar mistakes. 93. Whoever kills a believer intentionally, his recompense (in the Hereafter) is Hell, therein to abide; and God has utterly condemned him, excluded him from His mercy, and prepared for him a tremendous punishment. 94. O you who believe! When you go forth (to war) in God’s cause, investigate with care until the situation becomes fully clear to you, and do not say to anyone who offers you (the greeting of ) peace (thereby indicating his being a Muslim), “You are not a believer,” seeking the fleeting gains of the present, worldly life; for with God are gains abundant. Even thus (as he now is) were you before (ignorant of faith and what being a Muslim is, and you, too, entered Islam with a similar word); but God has since then been gracious to you. So investigate with care until the situation becomes fully clear to you. Surely God is fully aware of all that you do. 95. Not equal are those of the believers who (when not all believers are required to mobilize for God’s cause) sit still without justifiable excuse (and without doing any harm to God’s cause) and those who strive (and fight) in God’s cause with their wealth and their persons. God has exalted in rank those who strive with their wealth and their persons over those who sit still. To each, God has promised the best reward (Paradise), and yet God has exalted those who strive over those who sit still by a tremendous reward. 96. For them are ranks from Him (differing according to the degree of the sincerity and striving of each), and forgiveness and mercy (to bring unforeseen blessings). God is All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate. 97. As to those whose souls the angels (charged with taking the souls of people) take in the state of wronging themselves (by continuing to live in unbelief, without suffering to emigrate to a land where they would be able to attain faith): They (the angels) ask them: “What situation were you in (so that you were not with the believers)?” They say: “We were under such oppression in this land that 228 we could not find a way to faith.” They (the angels) say: “Was God’s earth not wide enough for you to emigrate in it?” Such are those whose refuge is Hell: how evil a destination to arrive at! 98. Except those truly oppressed among the men, and the women, and the children altogether without means and not guided to a way (to emigrate, and including those who, in their lifetime, have not had a means to be guided to faith). 99. For those (while their circumstances are unchanged, it is expected that) God will not hold them accountable and will excuse them. Assuredly God is One Who excuses much, All-Forgiving. 100. Whoever emigrates in God’s cause will find on the earth enough room for refuge and plentiful resources. He who leaves his home as an emigrant to God and His Messenger, and whom death overtakes (while still on the way), his reward is due and sure with God. Assuredly, God is All-Forgiving, AllCompassionate. 101. (O believers!) When you go forth on the earth, there is no blame on you that you shorten the (Prescribed) Prayers, if you fear that those who disbelieve might cause you harm (by attacking you). Assuredly, the unbelievers are a manifest enemy to you. 102. When you (O Messenger) are among the believers (who are on an expedition and in fear that the unbelievers might harm them) and stand (to lead) the Prayer for them, let a party of them stand in Prayer with you and retain their arms with them (while the other party maintain their positions against the enemy). When the first party have done the prostrations (finished the rak‘ah), let them go to the rear of your company (and there, hold positions against the enemy), and let the other party who have not prayed come forward and pray with you, being fully prepared against danger and retaining their arms. Those who disbelieve wish that you should be heedless of your weapons and your equipment, so that they might swoop upon you in a single (surprise) attack. But there will be no blame on you if you lay aside your arms (during the Prayer) if you are troubled by rain (and the ground impedes your movement), or if you are ill; however, be fully prepared against danger. Surely God has prepared for the unbelievers a shameful, humiliating punishment. 103. When you have finished the Prayer (especially considering you have shortened your Prayers when journeying and in the state of fear), remember and mention God (with your tongues and hearts), standing and sitting and lying down on your sides (and even while at war). Then, when you are once again secure, do the Prayer in conformity with all its conditions (and do the Prayers 229 you had to omit just at the time of actual fighting).23 (Know that) the Prayer (being the most important kind of worship) is prescribed for the believers at fixed times.24 23. With its miraculous eloquence, the Qur’ān exhorts the believers to emigrate and strive in God’s cause, implying that the most valuable journeying in God’s sight is that which is made for God’s cause, such as emigration and going forth to serve God’s cause. By mentioning the Prescribed Prayer between the verses in which it stresses the significance of emigration ( hijrah ) and striving in God’s cause ( jihād ), including fighting the enemy, it both legislates how Prayer should be performed during the journey and in a state of war, and draws attention to the fundamental relation between success in striving for God’s cause and the Prayer, including the recitations of God’s glorification, praise, and exaltation after the Prayer, which are the seeds of faith. The Prescribed Prayers are shortened during a journey or when in a state of fear or insecurity, including times of war or disaster, such as fire and flood. Those Prayers performed in a state of fear are called Prayers of Fear, while those prayed during a journey are known as the Prayers of Journey. For the Prayers that consist of four rak’ah , the Prayer of Journey is performed with two rak’ah s, while the others – those of morning and evening – remain the same. Although there are differences of opinion among jurists on how many rak’ah s for the Prayers that normally consist of four rak’ah s should be prayed for a Prayer of Fear, by mentioning them together with those of the journey, the Qur’ān seems to imply that both are the same. However, the forms of their praying are different. The Prayers of Journey that consist of two rak’ah s are prayed like the Morning Prayer, while those of Fear are prayed as described in verse 102: a group of soldiers prays one rak’ah while the other group takes its position against the enemy, and then this other group also prays one rak’ah , each behind the Prayer-leader. Subsequently, each of the two groups comes, in turn, to complete the Prayer by performing one more rak’ah individually. This is the view of the H anafī School. 24. Although the five times of the Prescribed Prayer were fixed by the Messenger upon the instruction of Archangel Gabriel, they can be deduced from the relevant verses of the Qur’ān: Establish the Prayer from the declining of the sun to the darkness of the night, and (be ever observant of ) the recitation of the Qur’ān at dawn (17: 78); Establish the Prayer at the beginning and the end of the day, and in the watches of the night near to the day (11: 114); Glorify your Lord with praise before sunrise and before sunset, and glorify Him during some hours of the night – as well as glorifying (Him) at the ends of the day (20: 130); So glorify God when you enter the evening and when you enter the morning – and (proclaim that) all praise and gratitude in the heavens and on the earth are for Him – and in the afternoon and when you enter the noon time (30: 17–18). It is possible also to see the time of the late night Prayers ( Tahajjud and Witr ) in both the verses mentioned and in 73: 2–4; 17: 79; 51: 17; 76: 26. Both these verses, and that which has just been interpreted above (103), emphasize, in particular, the importance of the recitations of God’s glory, praise, and exaltation after each Prayer. This last verse also stresses the importance of observing the prescribed times for the Prayer and performing it on time. 104. Do not be faint of purpose in pursuing these people (who fight with you, and keep them under pressure as long as the state of war continues between 230 you and them). If you are suffering (having to endure hardships), they, too, are suffering just as you are, but you hope (to receive) from God what they cannot hope for. God is indeed All-Knowing (of the states and conditions of all things), All-Wise. 105. Surely We have sent down to you the Book with the truth (embodying it, with nothing false in it), so that you should judge between people according to how God has shown you. So do not be a pleader on behalf of those who betray their trust. 106. Pray God for forgiveness. Assuredly God is All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate. 107. And do not plead on behalf of those who betray themselves (by lying to conceal the truth of the matter brought before you). Surely God does not love whoever betrays trust and persists in sin. 108. They strive to hide (their evil deeds) from people, but they do not strive to hide from God, whereas He is always with them whenever they hold night counsels (and spread false rumors and slanders) displeasing to Him. God indeed encompasses (with His Knowledge, Seeing, Hearing and Power) all that they do. 109. Ah! You (O believers) might well plead on their behalf in the life of this world, but who will plead with God on their behalf on the Day of Resurrection, or who will then be their defender and guardian? 110. Yet, whoever does an evil or wrongs himself (by committing sins to harm himself spiritually), and then implores God for forgiveness, will find God AllForgiving, All-Compassionate. 111. Whereas whoever earns a sin (failing to seek forgiveness for it), earns it only against himself (to his own loss only). And God is All-Knowing, All-Wise. 112. And he who earns a wrong or sin, and then throws the blame on an innocent person, has thereby laid upon himself (the additional burden of ) a calumny and a flagrant sin. 113. But for God’s grace and favor upon you and His mercy, one party of them determined to mislead you, yet they mislead none but themselves, and cannot harm you in any way. (How could they do so, seeing that) God has sent down on you the Book and the Wisdom, and taught you what you did not know. God’s grace and favor upon you is tremendous indeed.25 25. “There are good lessons to be learned from the incidents in connection with which the 231 four verses above were revealed. A Muslim named Ta‘imah ibn Ubayraq, from the tribe of Z afar, was suspected of having stolen a suit of armor. When he feared detection, he planted the stolen property in the house of a Jew, where it was found. The Jews denied the charge and accused Ta‘imah, but some among the Muslims sympathized with Ta‘imah because of his nominal profession of Islam. When the case came for trial, Islamic justice prevailed and the case turned against Ta‘imah. Realizing that his punishment was imminent, he fled and left Islam.” (Özek et al., 95) 114. No good is there in most of their secret counsels except for him who exhorts to a deed of charity, or kind equitable dealings and honest affairs, or setting things right between people. Whoever does that seeking God’s good pleasure, We will grant to him a tremendous reward. 115. While whoever cuts himself off from the Messenger after the guidance (to what is truest and best in thought, belief, and conduct) has become clear to him, and follows a way other than that of the believers (for whom it is impossible to agree unanimously on a way that leads to error), We leave him (to himself ) on the way he has turned to, and land him in Hell to roast there: how evil a destination to arrive at! 116. Indeed God does not forgive that partners be associated with Him; less than that He forgives to whomever He wills (whomever He has guided to repentance and righteousness as a result of his choosing repentance and righteousness by his free will). Whoever associates partners with God has indeed strayed far away (from the Straight Path). 117. In His stead, they invoke female deities – (in so doing) they, in fact, invoke none but a haughty, rebellious Satan,26 26. Many among those who reject belief in One God often adopt male and female deities. While they often choose a masculine one as their supreme deity, their other deities are feminine. This is because they adore their own selves and consider, first of all, the satisfaction of their interests and animal desires. Since men’s primary appetite is for women and since they tend to exploit these deities to satisfy their needs, they choose many of their deities from among women. They desire to see a physically handsome woman wherever they look and tend to eternalize them by making them into statutes and pictures. This is the most abominable way of degrading the standing of women and is nothing more than viewing women as only a physical object. For them women are no more than simple objects involved in the gratification of their desires and interests. Women are no longer given any respect or affection when they need them most. Humankind also suffer from many different fears. They feel awe before the things they fear. This is why they generally conceive of their supreme deity, before whom they feel awe, as being masculine, and fawn on him. Even if such people may be Pharaoh-like tyrants, it makes no difference; such people degrade themselves to kiss the feet of any power above themselves and in whose hands they see the satisfaction of their needs and desires. 232 The verse clarifies that those who invent deities other than God in fact call upon Satan as deity, as it is Satan who drives them to do so. 118. One who is accursed by God (excluded from His mercy). Once he said: “Of Your servants I will surely take a share to be assigned to me (by their following me). 119. “I will surely lead them astray and surely engross them in vain desires (superstitious fancies and false conceptions); and I will surely command them, and they will surely slit the ears of cattle (to mark them out as meant for their idols and as forbidden to themselves to eat, thus making a lawful thing unlawful); and also, I will surely command them, and they will surely alter God’s creation.”27 Whoever takes Satan for a confidant and guardian instead of God has indeed suffered a manifest loss. 27. The alteration of God’s creation means changing an original or natural form by artificial means and using a thing outside of the purpose for which it was created by God. All acts done in violation of a thing’s true or intrinsic nature are included in this. For example: the sterilization of men or women, turning males into eunuchs, surgically altering one’s physical appearance, turning women from the functions that were entrusted to them, because of their nature, and causing them to carry out the functions for which men are created, sodomy and other kinds of illicit relations, making lawful what God has made unlawful and vice versa, etc. 120. (In reality, however, Satan has no authority over people against God.) He makes promises to them and fills them with vain desires (superstitious fancies and false conceptions), and what he promises them is nothing but delusion. 121. Such (as those deluded by Satan): their shelter is Hell, and they will find no way to escape from it. 122. As for those who believe and do good, righteous deeds, We will admit them into the Gardens through which rivers flow, therein abiding forever. This is God’s promise in truth. Who can be truer than God in speech? 123. It is not according to your fancies, nor according to the fancies of the People of the Book. (No one has a privilege in God’s sight by virtue of being nominally a Muslim, or Jew, or Christian. Rather, the truth is this:) Whoever does an evil will be recompensed for it, and he will not find for himself, apart from God, a guardian or a helper (to guard or help him against the consequence of that evil). 124. And whoever does deeds of righteousness, whether male or female, and is a (true) believer – such will enter Paradise, and they will not be wronged by even so little as (would fill) the groove of a date-stone. 233 125. Who is better in religion than he who has submitted his whole being to God (seeking only His good pleasure, as one devoted to) doing good, aware that God is seeing him, and who follows the way (millah) of Abraham being of pure faith (free of unbelief, of associating partners with God and of hypocrisy). God accepted Abraham as a friend (one close and trusted). 126. To God belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth, and God encompasses everything (with His Knowledge and Power). 127. (O Messenger!) They ask you to pronounce laws concerning women. Answer them: “God pronounces to you the laws concerning them, and it is recited to you in this Book concerning female orphans, to whom you do not give what has been ordained for them (as bridal-due or for their maintenance), and yet desire to marry them (out of greed to get their charms or wealth for yourself, or by refusing to let them marry to continue benefiting from their wealth); and also concerning the weak, helpless children (whose rights should be protected), and that you must be assiduous in observing the rights of orphans.” Whatever good you do – surely God has full knowledge of it. 128. If a woman fears from her husband ill-treatment or (such breach of marital obligations as) his turning away in aversion, then there will be no blame on them to set things right peacefully between them; peaceful settlement is better. (Bear in mind that) human souls are prone to selfish avarice, so (O husbands) if you do good in consciousness of God and act in reverence for Him and piety (in observing the rights of women), then surely God is fully aware of what you do. 129. You will never be able to deal between your wives with absolute equality (in respect of love and emotional attachment), however much you may desire to do so. But do not turn away altogether (from any one of them), so as to leave her in a dangling state (uncertain if she has or does not have a husband). If you act righteously (between them) and act in piety (fearful of doing any deliberate wrong to any of them), then surely God is All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate. 130. If (despite every effort to reconcile them, it is no longer possible to sustain marriage, and) the couple do separate, (let neither fear to become poor and helpless, for) God suffices all by His abundance. God is All-Embracing (in His bounty), All-Wise. 131. And to God belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And assuredly, We commanded those who were given the Book before you, and (We command) you (O Muslims) to act in piety and reverence for God, fearful of disobedience to Him (in all matters, including especially observing your mutual rights). Yet if you disbelieve (and despite this admonishment, 234 act with ingratitude to Him, then bear in mind that) to God belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth: (if you believe in Him and thank Him, this adds nothing to Him, or if you disbelieve in Him and become ungrateful to Him, this does not diminish anything from Him. For) God is All-Wealthy and Self-Sufficient (absolutely independent of all His creatures), All-Praiseworthy (as your Lord, Who provides for you and all other beings and meets all your needs). 132. (Again, know that) to God belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth; and God suffices as One on Whom to rely and to Whom all affairs should be referred. 133. If He wills, He can remove you, O humankind, and bring in others in your place. God is entirely able to do that. 134. If one desires the reward of this world, (let him know that) with God is the reward of this world and the Hereafter. God is indeed All-Hearing, AllSeeing. 135. O you who believe! Be upholders and standard-bearers of justice, bearing witness to the truth for God’s sake, even though it be against your own selves, or parents or kindred. Whether the person concerned be rich or poor, (bear in mind that) God is nearer to them (than you are and more concerned with their well-being). So do not (in expectation of some gain from the rich or out of misplaced compassion for the poor) follow your own desires lest you swerve from justice. If you distort (the truth) or decline (to bear truthful witness), then know that God is fully aware of all that you do. 136. O you who believe! Believe in God and His Messenger (Muhammad) and the Book He has been sending down on His Messenger in parts, and the (Divine) Books He sent down before. Whoever disbelieves in God, and His angels, and His Books, and His Messengers, and the Last Day, has indeed gone far astray.28 28. By using the phrase “O you who believe,” which includes a verb, instead of “O believers,” the Qur’ān is addressing all who have verbally confessed belief and entered the sphere of faith and Islam. The hypocrites are included in this address. By commanding to believe after this address, it stresses that true faith does not consist in a verbal confession alone. Truly, faith does not consist in a simple acceptance or confession. Just as there are many stages or degrees in the growth of a tree (for example, the date tree) from its seed until its fully-grown, fruit-bearing state, and just as there are countless degrees and ranks in the manifestations of the sun from its manifestations of light and heat in all things on the earth up to its reflection on the moon and then back to itself, so, too, does faith have almost uncountable degrees and ranks, from a simple acknowledgment of reason and confirmation of 235 the heart, up to degrees of penetration in all the parts and faculties of the body that control and direct the entire life of a person – from the faith of a common person to that of the greatest of the Messengers. The first degree or rank of faith is simply believing in the essentials mentioned in this verse, and then comes the deepening of, and being steadfast in, faith. This is why the Qur’ān usually commands or prohibits some things after the address, “O you who believe!”; i.e., confession of belief requires obeying these commandments, which, in turn, causes them to be stronger and deeper. The essentials of faith require and corroborate one another. The verse does not mention Divine Destiny as an article or essential of faith. This is because it is included in recognizing and believing in God with all His Qualities essential to Him as God, and His Attributes, Names and acts. 137. Those who have believed and then disbelieved, then believed, and again disbelieved, and thereafter grown more intense in unbelief, God will never forgive them, nor will He guide them to a way (leading to the ultimate triumph and salvation). 138. To the hypocrites (who are as just described), give glad tidings that for them is a painful punishment. 139. (The hypocrites are) those who take unbelievers for confidants, guardians and allies in preference to the believers: do they seek might and glory in being together with them? (If so, let them know that) might and glory belong altogether to God. 140. He has already revealed to you in the Book that when you hear the Revelations of God being rejected and mocked, no longer sit with them (show your disagreement) until they engage in some other talk, or else you will surely become like them. Assuredly, God will gather the hypocrites and the unbelievers all together in Hell. 141. (The hypocrites are) those who wait to see what befalls you: thus, if a victory comes to you from God, they say, “Were we not with you?” But if the unbelievers meet with a success, they say (to them:) “Did we not gain leverage over you (by not joining the believers, and weakening them from within) and did we not defend you from the believers?” God will judge between you (and them) on the Day of Resurrection, and never will God allow the unbelievers to find a way (to triumph) over the (true) believers.29 29. This last sentence, “and never will God allow the unbelievers to find a way (to triumph) over the (true) believers,” has several meanings and implications: • In the Hereafter, the believers will be on the winning side, while the unbelievers will be complete losers. 236 • Islam has two wings on which the believers fly: one is God’s laws and decrees that we call “religion,” the other is His laws of life and the creation and operation of the universe, which are the subject-matter of (physical) sciences. As long as the believers obey these two kinds of God’s laws, victory will always be on their side. Whereas, if they fall behind the unbelievers in obeying the second kind of God’s laws and show neglect in obeying the former, the unbelievers can gain the upper hand over them. • The unbelievers may at times gain the upper hand, but the final victory always belongs to the believers. • Although the believers may sometimes be on the losing side, they are always, with respect to the truth of their beliefs, ideas, and spiritually, on the winning side. It is enough to see and prove this fact to look at the phenomenon that during the past few hundred years, when the unbelievers enjoyed supremacy in political, economic, and military fields throughout the world, few have left Islam to enter another religion, while many from other religions have continued to embrace it. • This statement indicates a very important goal for the believers: They must never allow the unbelievers to gain advantage or find a way to triumph over them. If they fail, they will be accountable before God and have to bear the consequences of such a failure, both in this world and in the world to come. 142. The hypocrites would trick God, whereas it is God who “tricks” them (by causing them to fall into their own traps). When they rise to do the Prayer, they rise lazily, and to be seen by people (to show them that they are Muslims); and they do not remember God (within or outside the Prayer), save a little, 143. Vacillating between (the believers) and (the unbelievers), neither with these, nor with those. Whoever God leads astray, for him you can never find a sound way (to follow). 144. O you who believe! Do not take the unbelievers for guardians and confidants in preference to the believers; or do you want to offer God a manifest proof against yourselves (of being hypocrites, and so incur His punishment)? 145. Surely the hypocrites will be in the lowest depth of the Fire; and you will never find for them any helper (against the Fire). 146. Except those who repent and mend their ways and hold fast to God and practice their Religion purely and sincerely for God’s sake: those (who repent) are counted with the believers and, in time, God will grant to the believers a tremendous reward. 147. What should God punish you if you are grateful (to Him) and believe (in Him)?30 God is Ever-Responsive to gratitude, All-Knowing. 30. While being ungrateful is a door to unbelief and even may be identical with it (in Arabic, both are derived from the same root), being thankful or grateful (shukr) is a door to faith and identical with it. This is because: 237 The attitude of gratefulness to God consists of acknowledging that whatever good a person has and whatever achievement they have realized is purely from God. It also consists in acknowledging God’s benediction and blessings in their heart, confessing it in their speech and manifesting it in their deeds. Their hearts should be overflowing with love for, and loyalty to, the Benefactor, and they should not attribute real creative effect to apparent causes in His benedictions reaching them. They should also use whatever God has granted to them in His way and according to His directives. 148. God does not like any harsh speech to be uttered save by one who has been wronged (and, therefore, has the right to express that in appropriate language). God is indeed All-Hearing, All-Knowing. 149. Whether you do some good openly or do it in secret, or pardon an evil (done to you, even though you have the right to legal retaliation, know that) God is All-Pardoning, Ever-Able (to punish or forgive). 150. Those (deserving punishment) are they who disbelieve in God (not recognizing Him at all or not as He should be), and His Messengers (denying Messengership altogether or denying some of the Messengers), and who seek to make distinction between God and His Messengers (by claiming belief in God but denying Messengership or denying some of the Messengers), and say, “We believe in some and deny others,” seeking to take a way in between. 151. Such are in truth unbelievers, and We have prepared for the unbelievers a shameful, humiliating punishment. 152. But as for those who believe in God and His Messengers and make no distinction between them (between God and His Messengers or between the Messengers themselves), to them God will grant their rewards (in full). God is indeed All-Forgiving, All-Compassionate. 153. The People of the Book ask you to cause a Book to be sent down on them from heaven. (O Messenger, let this not shock you, for) they asked an even greater thing than this of Moses, when they said, “Show God to us openly,” and the thunderbolt seized them for their wrong-doing. Then they adopted the (golden) calf as deity – and this after the (miracles and other) clear proofs of the truth had come to them. Yet We (accepted their atonement and) pardoned them that; and We granted Moses (the Book and the Criterion, and thereby) a clear proof and authority. 154. (Moreover) We raised the Mount to tower above them to secure their promise (to hold firmly to the Book), and (on another occasion when We guided them to a town) We commanded them, “Go into it through its gate prostrating (humbly in utmost submission to God)”; and again, We once commanded them, 238 “Do not exceed the bounds with respect to the Sabbath,” and We took from them a most solemn pledge. 155. And so, because of their breaking their pledge, and their intentional ignoring of God’s signs (in the universe, and in themselves), and their rejection of His Revelations, and their killing certain Prophets against all right, and their saying, “Our hearts have become callous (no longer having any ability to believe).” No! Rather, God has set a seal on their hearts because of their persistent unbelief, so that, with the exception of few, scarcely do they believe.31 31. For the events mentioned here, see: 2: 51–55, 58, 61, 63–66, 79, 83, 84–88, 92–93. 156. And because of their (persistence in) unbelief, and speaking against Mary a tremendous calumny; 157. And their saying “We killed the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, the Messenger of God “ – whereas they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him, but the matter was made dubious to them. Those who differ about this matter and about Jesus are indeed confused; they have no definite knowledge thereof, following mere conjecture; and of a certainty, they killed him not. 158. But God raised him to Himself. God is All-Glorious with irresistible might, All-Wise. 159. Yet there is none of the People of the Book but will, before the moment of his death, (grasp the truth about Jesus and) believe in him (though that belief will be of no benefit to them then); and on the Day of Resurrection, he will be a witness against them.32 32. There are conflicting views on Jesus’ departure from the world and the Prophetic Traditions about his return to the world before the Day of Resurrection. The following points may be closer to the truth in these two matters: Neither the Jews nor the Romans were able to kill or crucify Jesus, upon him be peace. According to some interpreters of the Qur’ān, one of his disciples, Judas, was likened to Jesus, upon him be peace, and substituted for him by God because of his betrayal. However, the late Muhammad Asad, a renowned Muslim convert from Judaism, regards the entire crucifixion as only a legend. According to him, “in the course of time, long after the time of Jesus, a legend somehow grew up (possibly under the then-powerful influence of Mithraistic beliefs) to the effect that Jesus had died on the cross in order to atone for the ‘original sin’ with which mankind is allegedly burdened; and this legend became so firmly established among the latter-day followers of Jesus that even his enemies, the Jews, began to believe it – albeit in a derogatory sense (for crucifixion was, in those times, a heinous form of the death-penalty, reserved for the lowest of criminals) ( The Message of the Qur’ān , 134). Whether Asad is right or not, many of the doctrines found in modern Christianity, such as original sin, blood atonement and the Trinity, were essential to Mithraism, which was very widespread in Asia Minor in the years when Christianity began to spread there, and entered Rome long before Christianity did. What is a 239 fact in this matter is that Jesus, upon him be peace, was neither killed nor crucified, but the matter became ambiguous to those who put forth such assertions.If we deal with verse 158 along with 3: 55, and as pointed out in footnote 10 regarding verse 3: 55, and mentioned by Bediüzzaman Said Nursi ( The Letters , “the 1 st Letter”), we can say on this matter of God’s raising Jesus to himself: Just as he came into the world in an unusual manner, so, too, did Jesus depart from the world in an unusual manner. He did not die as other people do, but God took him back with his spirit and body, which took on the form or changed into an “astral” body or energetic envelope. This can be analogous with the Ascension of the Prophet Muhammad, upon him be God’s blessings and peace. However, while the Prophet Muhammad, upon him be peace and blessings, returned to the world again to complete his mission, Jesus, upon him be peace, remained where he was taken.Among the greatest Messengers – Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad, upon them be God’s peace – Noah and Moses, and Abraham and Jesus resemble one another in nature and character. While God’s Attributes of Majesty were more manifest than those of Grace in the former two due to their mission, with Abraham and Jesus, upon them be peace, it is the other way around. Noah and Moses, upon them be peace, were distinguished with their great sternness toward unbelievers, while Abraham and Jesus, upon them be peace, were better known for their affection and compassion. The Prophet Muhammad, upon him be peace and blessings, due to the universality of his mission, combined both in a balanced degree, but according to time and conditions, sometimes majesty and sternness, and sometimes affection and compassion had priority. The circumstances before the end of time will make it imperative that Muslims be equipped more with affection, compassion, love, and inviting dialogue. Christianity will be purified of the doctrines that have filtered into it over time, and there will be a coming together between the Muslims and Christians against the onslaught of the trends of materialism and similar ideologies. This will enable God’s religion to triumph over atheism and materialism throughout the world. This is what several modern Muslim scholars understand from the Prophetic Traditions saying that Jesus, upon him be peace, will return to the world before the end of time and practice Islamic Law. 160. So, because of the wrong committed by the Jews, We made unlawful for them many pure, wholesome things which had (hitherto) been lawful for them, and because of their barring many from God’s way; 161. And because of their taking interest although it had been forbidden to them, and consuming the wealth of people in wrongful ways (such as usury, theft, usurpation, bribery, gambling, and selling God’s Revelations); and We have prepared for the unbelievers among them (those who persisted in unbelief despite all the many warnings) a painful punishment. 162. But those of them firmly rooted in Knowledge, and the (true) believers, believe in what has been sent down to you (O Messenger), and what was sent down before you; and especially those who do the Prayer in conformity with all its conditions, and those who pay the Prescribed Purifying Alms, and the believers in God and the Last Day (as both must be believed in): to them will We will grant a tremendous reward. 240 163. We have revealed to you (O Messenger), as We revealed to Noah and the Prophets after him; and We revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob and the Prophets who were raised in the tribes, and Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon; and We gave David the Psalms.33 33. Abu’l-A‘lā al-Mawdūdī has the following note on this verse: The ‘Psalms’ embodied in the Bible are not the Psalms of David. The Biblical version contains many ‘psalms’ by others and they are ascribed to their actual authors. The ‘psalms’ which the Bible does ascribe to David do indeed contain the characteristic luster of truth. The book called ‘Proverbs,’ attributed to Solomon, contains many assertions, and the last two chapters, in particular, are undoubtedly spurious. A great many of these proverbs, however, do have a ring of truth and authenticity. Another book of the Bible is ascribed to Job. Even though it contains many gems of wisdom, it is difficult to believe that the book attributed to Job could in fact be his. For the portrayal of Job’s character in that book is quite contrary to the wonderful patience for which he is applauded in the Qur’ān and for which he is praised in the beginning of the Book of Job itself. The Book of Job, quite contrary to the Qur’ānic portrayal of him, presents him as one who was so full of grievance and annoyance with God throughout the entire period of his tribulation that his companions had to try hard to convince him that God was not unjust. In addition to these, the Bible contains seventeen other books of the Israelite Prophets. The greater part of these seem to be authentic. In Jeremiah, Isaiah, Ezekiel, Amos and certain other books, in particular, one often encounters whole sections which stir and move one’s soul. These sections, without doubt, have the luster of Divine Revelation. While going through them, one is struck by the vehemence of moral admonition, the powerful opposition to polytheism, the forceful exposition of monotheism, and the strong denunciation of the moral corruption of the Israelites which characterize them. One inevitably senses that these books, the orations of Jesus embodied in the Gospels, and the glorious Qur’ān are like springs which have arisen from one and the same Divine source (al-Mawdūdī, 2: 113–114, note 205). 164. And Messengers We have already told you of (with respect to their mission) before, and Messengers We have not told you of; and God spoke to Moses in a particular way.34 34. As mentioned in 42: 51, Revelation occurs in three ways: • 1. God puts the meaning in the Prophet’s heart in a way that the Prophet knows with certainty that it is from God. • 2. God speaks to the Prophet without mediation, but without being seen and from behind a veil, as God spoke to Moses from a tree. • 3. God sends an angel who communicates God’s message to the Prophet. He always sent Gabriel to communicate His messages contained in His Books. (a s – S ali h , 22) As mentioned in 2: 253, God exalted and distinguished some Prophets in some respects due to the mission of each, meaning that, with the exception of the Prophet Muhammad, 241 upon him be peace and blessings, who represented all aspects of Prophethood in the most perfect manner because of the universality of his mission, every Prophet is superior to others in one or more respects. The Prophet Moses, upon him be peace, was distinguished by being addressed by God in a particular way. But although being addressed by God in a particular way was a special favor, it is not the most superior way of Revelation. God sent His messages that form His Book through the angel Gabriel; therefore, the most superior way of Revelation is via Gabriel. It is for this reason that the Torah is not formed of God’s direct Revelations to Moses, upon him be peace. 165. Messengers (have been sent as) bearers of glad tidings and warners, so that people might have no argument against God after the Messengers (had come to them). And God is All-Glorious with irresistible might, All-Wise. 166. (Whether people believe or not) God bears witness to (the truth of ) what He has sent down to you. And He has sent it down from, based on and together with, His Knowledge. And the angels also bear witness (to it), though God suffices for a witness. 167. Surely those who (in defiance of that testimony) disbelieve, and bar (people) from God’s way, have indeed gone far astray. 168. Surely those who disbelieve and do wrong (to people by barring them from God’s way, and to God and His Messengers and angels, and to all believers and all creatures bearing witness to the truth, and to their own conscience, by accusing them of lying and deception) – God will indeed not forgive them, nor will He guide them to a road, 169. Except the road of Hell, to abide therein for ever; and that is easy for God. 170. O humankind! The Messenger has come to you with the truth from your Lord: believe, then, for your own good. And if you disbelieve, then (know that your unbelief will in no way harm Him, for) to God belongs whatever is in the heavens and on the earth. And God is All-Knowing, All-Wise. 171. O People of the Book! Do not go beyond the bounds in your religion, and do not say anything of God but the truth. The Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, was but a Messenger of God, and a Word of His (Power) which He conveyed to Mary, and a spirit from Him.35 So believe in God (as the One, Unique God), and His Messengers (including Jesus, as Messenger); and do not say: (God is one of ) a trinity. Give up (this assertion) – (it is) for your own good (to do so). God is but One God; All-Glorified He is in that He is absolutely above having a son. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And God suffices as the One to be relied on, to Whom affairs should be 242 referred. 35. God has two kinds of words, one issuing from His Attribute of Speech, the other from His Power. His words that issue from His Attribute of Speech are His Books and Scrolls that He sent to some of His Messengers. His words that issue from His Attribute of Power are all of His works – His creatures and all events in the universe. Why then does God mention Jesus, upon him be peace, especially as one of His Words (of His Power) is that God, due to His Grandeur and Honor, acts in this world from behind cause and effect. He does so because this world is the world of Wisdom, and some people, unable to discern the good behind every act of God, would otherwise ascribe to God the things displeasing to them, which could lead them to perish. God acts from behind the veil of cause and effect so that people can ascribe displeasing things, such as illnesses, death, and misfortunes, to their “natural” causes and not complain of God. But since the other world is the world of Power, God will act there without any veils; everything will happen there instantly. The creation of Jesus, upon him be peace, was different from that of other people, and God created him without a father. So, in Jesus, upon him be peace, His law of Power was manifested, rather than His law of Wisdom. Adam, upon him be peace, was also created without parents, but God did not call him His Word. Adam, upon him be peace, was the first to be created as a human being; but Jesus’ creation was completely unusual after so many centuries during which all people came to the world with both a father and mother. The idea of Jesus, upon him be peace, being a spirit from God should also be considered from this viewpoint. Since he was a Word of God’s Power, in the meaning of being created not based on cause and effect, as all other people are, but rather by being breathed into Virgin Mary by or through an angel who is purely a spiritual being, the spiritual dimension weighs more in his creation. Why this was so for Jesus is that he came to spiritually revive the Children of Israel, who were drowning in materialism and who were selling God’s Revelations for trifling prices. So Jesus’ mission gave priority to the spiritual dimension of the Divine Religion. Unfortunately, most of his followers overstepped the bounds of truth in their religion in later years, and in their hands “the spirit from God” became “the spirit of God,” and “the spirit of holiness” with which he was confirmed (2: 87) was interpreted to mean God’s own Spirit which became incarnate in Jesus. Thus, along with God and Jesus, upon him be peace, there developed the third person of God – the Holy Ghost. The Qur’ān categorically refutes all such assertions. 172. The Messiah never disdains to be a servant to God, nor do the angels nearstationed to Him. Whoever disdains to worship God as a servant and feels his pride (puffed up by arrogance, should know that) God will gather them all to Himself (and call them to account). 173. To those who believe and do good, righteous deeds, He will grant their rewards in full, and will give them yet more out of His bounty; but as to those who are disdainful and arrogant, He will punish them with a painful punishment, and they will not find for them, against God, a guardian and protector, nor a helper. 174. O humankind! Now a Proof has come to you from your Lord, and We have 243 sent down to you a clear Light (to illuminate your way and show you everything clearly). 175. So those who believe in God (as taught by this proof and light), and hold fast to Him – He will admit them into a (great) mercy from His Presence, and a bounty, and guide them direct to Him on a straight path. 176. They ask you (O Messenger) to pronounce a ruling. Say (to them): God pronounces to you the ruling concerning inheritance from those who have left behind no lineal heirs (kalālah): should a man die childless but have a sister, for her is the half of what he has left behind; and the brother will inherit from her if the sister dies childless. If the heirs are two sisters, for them is two-thirds of what he has left behind. And if the heirs are brothers and sisters, then for the male is the equivalent of the portion of two females. God makes (His commandments) clear to you lest you go astray. God has full knowledge of everything

